Right from its very origins the debate on surrogate motherhood has fed own complexity, rather than achieving sure, unambiguous propositions over goodness or inhumanity. This article offers a Simmelian interpretation of this modern form maternity. Through epistemology, author identifies key for overcoming some dilem-mas which have always accompanied otherwise surrogacy: whether it is alienation ...

OBJECTIVE This study described the prevalence and duration of mothers' breastfeeding infants with phenylketonuria (PKU) and explored factors related to duration of breastfeeding as a surrogate for breastfeeding success. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Descriptive analysis as performed from an international Internet survey of mothers (n=103) who met the inclusion criteria: (1) at least 21 years of age, (...

s:2087:"Background: Surrogacy is one of the scientific revolutions in infertility domain in recent decades. Despite the widespread use of this technique especially surrogacy in Iran, studies about experiences of its clients are rare. Optimal care of commissioning mothers in surrogacy, requires proper understanding the process of motherhood. The aim of this study was exploration of the motherhoo...

Reproductive medical tourism is by some accounts a multibillion dollar industry globally. The seeking by clients in high income nations of surrogate mothers in low income nations, particularly India, presents a set of largely unexamined ethical challenges. In this paper, eight such challenges are elucidated to spur discussion and eventual policy development towards protecting the rights and hea...

Pig cloning will have a marked impact on the optimization of meat production and xenotransplantation. To clone pigs from differentiated cells, we microinjected the nuclei of porcine (Sus scrofa) fetal fibroblasts into enucleated oocytes, and development was induced by electroactivation. The transfer of 110 cloned embryos to four surrogate mothers produced an apparently normal female piglet. The...