Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, and its eggs are widely used to rear parasitoids and predators for biological control programmes. This experiment investigated how larval population density affected the survival rate and reproductive output of this species under four rearing densities ( larva per 2 g food per vial; or 00, 500 or 000 larva...

While maintained under all combinations of three temperatures and two RH, fifth instar larvae of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella were fed wheat treated with spores and crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Larvae that had fed on wheat with the bacterial preparation contained higher concentrations of nodules in their haemocoel than did larvae fed on wheat without ba...

In presence of 7.5 microM of curcumin, no embryos or larva of zebrafish survived 3 days of incubation; however, coincubation with 144 microg/ml silymarin increased the survival rates of curcumin-treated embryos and larvae to about 70%. Moreover, in presence of 12.5 microM curcumin, all embryos died after 2 days of incubation; however, co-treatment with 144 microg/ml silymarin increased the surv...

feeding behavior of yellowfin seabream larvae during the first two weeks of larval life was studied by feeding larvae  on different ratios of live food and  microencapsulated diet (med). food consumption rate increased progressively with increasing larval weight. the results from visual observation of the larval guts under a light microscope indicated that yellowfin seabream larvae were able to...

The mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of dengue in the Americas. The use of chemical insecticides is recommended during outbreaks of dengue in order to reduce the number of adult mosquitoes; however, because Ae. aegypti is highly synanthropic, the use of insecticides in densely populated areas is a dangerous practice. Leptolegnia chapmanii Seymour (Straminip...

Paractora dreuxi displays distinct ontogenetic differences in thermal tolerance and water balance. Larvae are moderately freeze tolerant. Mean larval onset of chill coma was -5.1 degrees C, and onset of heat stupor was 35.5 degrees C. Larval supercooling point (SCP) was -3.3 degrees C with 100% recovery, although mortality was high below -4 degrees C. Starvation caused SCP depression in the lar...

Eumycetoma is a chronic granulomatous subcutaneous infectious disease, endemic in tropical and subtropical regions and most commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. Interestingly, although grain formation is key in mycetoma, its formation process and its susceptibility towards antifungal agents are not well understood. This is because grain formation cannot be induced in vitro; a ma...

Water was evaporated from infective Haemonchus contortus larvae suspended in tap, distilled and triple-distilled water, and the nematodes were then exposed to 50% and 75% relative humidity (RH) at 20, 30, 40, and 50 C. Sample groups were rehydrated 4 hr daily in similar quality water, observed for motility, then returned to the same RH and temperature and re-evaporated. This was continued until...

Antarctic notothenioids, along with many other polar marine fishes, have evolved biological antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to survive in their icy environments. The larvae of Antarctic notothenioid fish hatch into the same frigid environment inhabited by the adults, suggesting that they must also be protected by sufficient AFPs, but this has never been verified. We have determined the contribution ...