Two decades of attempts to model the emergence of language as a collective cognitive activity have demonstrated a number of principles that might have been part of the historical process that led to language. Several models have demonstrated the emergence of structure in a symbolic medium, but none has demonstrated the emergence of the capacity for symbolic representation. The current shift in ...

K is a formal framework for defining the operational semantics of programming languages. It includes software tools for compiling K language definitions to Maude rewrite theories, for executing programs in the defined languages based on the Maude rewriting engine, and for analyzing programs by adapting various Maude analysis tools. A recent extension to the K tool suite is an automatic transfor...

many of the great persian poems have powerful narrative structure and they transfer ideas and concepts from the language of different real or symbolic characters. one poem that is categorized in this field is  chahar chaman, a poem by shahdaie shirzi. this article aims at answering the question that what kind of belief and thought are each of the symbolic characters going to present? and how do...

Computational methods for generating language are lagging behind computational methods for analysing language in several ways, most obviously in that they have barely been used commercially. The main reasons for this are that systems for generating language take inordinate amounts of time to build, yet once built cannot be reused, and tend to be severely lacking in language variation which is e...

The notion of symbolizability is taken as the second requisite of computation (the first being 'algorithmizability'), and it is shown that symbols, qua symbols, are not symbolizable. This has farreaching consequences for the computational study of language and for Al-research in language understanding. The representation hypothesis is formulated, and its various assumptions and goals are examin...

Derivatives arise frequently in graphics and GPGPU applications. 1 To meet this need we have added symbolic differentiation as a built 2 in language feature in the HLSL shading language. The symbolic 3 derivative is computed at compile time so it is available in all types 4 of shaders (geometry, pixel, vertex, etc.). The algorithm for com5 puting the symbolic derivative is simple and has reason...

Linguists have historically favored symbolic, rule-based models to explain the human language faculty. Such models typically possess clear explanatory clarity and are well able to handle the apparently recursive structure of natural sentences. In fact, they tend to be too powerful in this respect and ad hoc external constraints and manipulations are often necessary to limit their performance to...

Linguists have historically favored symbolic, rule-based models to explain the human language faculty. Such models typically possess clear explanatory clarity and are well able to handle the apparently recursive structure of natural sentences. In fact, they tend to be too powerful in this respect and ad hoc external constraints and manipulations are often necessary to limit their performance to...

In this paper we outline hybrid approaches to arti cial neural network-based natural language processing. We start by motivating hybrid symbolic/connectionist processing. Then we suggest various types of symbolic/connectionist integration for language processing: connectionist structure architectures, hybrid transfer architectures, hybrid processing architectures. Furthermore, we focus particul...

The purpose of this essay is to establish the validity of the following four propositions. 1. The assumption that symbolic logic is valid a priori is false, as are the corollaries implicit in this assumption, namely, that symbolic logic is the one and only logic; that it is the logic of effective practical reasoning and action; and, that it is the logic that governs natural language. 2. Typolog...