In many cases the electric field is the gradient of a potential. In those cases a measured voltage is completely determined by the points connected to the measuring device. But if the curl of the electric field vector is non-vanishing (i.e. the magnetic field is time-dependent), a measured voltage may depend on the topology of the circuit. This effect was discussed in articles by Romer (1982), ...

A charge pumping (CP) technique with gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current is proposed to extract interface trap density ( ${N}_{\text {it}}{)}$ in GAA MOSFETs. This GIDL CP characterizes the {it}}$ even for an advanced MOSFET a f...

Voltage and current waveforms contain the most authentic granular information on behaviors of power systems. In recent years, it has become possible to synchronize waveform data measured from different locations. Thus large-scale coordinated analyses multiple over a wide area are within our reach. This development could unleash set new concepts, strategies, tools for monitoring, protecting, con...

crop density measurement is one of the most important factors in precision farming and effect onthe performance of harvesting machines such as combine and mower. so, the purposes of this studyare to design, build and calibrate of an inexpensive and non-contact instrument that can estimatecrop density for crops such as wheat, barley and alfalfa stems. the sensing unit is consisted of lasertransm...

when power systems are expanded and connected together with weak tie lines, the low-frequency oscillations are increased and the stability margin of the power system decreases. therefore, when designing the transmission system to be used, it is necessary to maintain the dynamic stability of the power system, and to make sure to have the most possible stability margin. sssc is a facts device con...

This paper presents a novel phase-locked loop (PLL) structure for improving the transient stability of grid-connected converters by introducing voltage normalization control (VNC) in conventional PLL. First, underlying mechanism losing synchronization during grid fault is analyzed, and it revealed that key factor significant decrease magnitude at point common coupling (PCC). In order to avoid d...

The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is considered to be one of the most important measuring devices in the future of power system. The difference comes from its unique ability to provide synchronized phasor measurements of voltages and currents from widely dispersed locations in an electric power grid called synchrophasor technology .In SCADA system, the measured quantities remain constant during...

Increasing interest is being shown in the use of microprocessor for protection, switching and data acquisition required in modern high voltage substations. One of the most difficult functions to fulfill is that of transmission line distance protection employing samples of the voltage and current waveform taken from high voltage transducer equipment at the usual relaying point. This paper examin...

Synchronized switch damping (SSD) techniques have recently been developed, as an alternative to active vibration control techniques, to address the problem of structure vibration control. In these techniques, a piezoelectric patch is bonded on the vibrating structure and shunted by a network of electrical elements. During the structure motion, the piezoelectric patch is connected and disconnect...