Acceptedteaching concerning the time and nature of synostosis of the manubrio-sternal joint is, generally speaking, erroneous. In agreeing with Fallopius and Eustachius, Coiter (1573) showed justifiable caution in stating that synostosis of this joint appears at the time at which the cranial sutures begin to be obliterated. This, of course, can mean any time after 30 years. Anatomists of the se...

BACKGROUND Congenital radioulnar synostosis is a rare malformation of the upper limb, with functional limitations of the limb. CASE REPORT A 10-year-old child with pain and restricted mobility of the elbow joint was admitted to the hospital. Plain film radiography and CT examination was performed. Radiological examinations showed a congenital radioulnar synostosis. The child underwent surgica...

Introduction. Scaphotrapezial synostosis has been rarely reported in the literature and only one case underwent surgical treatment for scaphoid fracture. Presentation of Case. A 15-year-old male presented with a painful left wrist following a fall. The initial radiographs showed a displaced scaphoid proximal pole fracture and a Scaphotrapezial synostosis. The fracture was then fixed percutaneou...

Apert syndrome (AS) is one of at least nine disorders considered members of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) -1, -2, and -3-related craniosynostosis syndromes. Nearly 100% of individuals diagnosed with AS carry one of two neighboring mutations on Fgfr2. The cranial phenotype associated with these two mutations includes coronal suture synostosis, either unilateral (unicoronal synosto...

a tower or steeple. Hence such a skull is often called a tower skull or steeple head. The supra-orbital ridges are low and feebly marked, and the hairy scalp begins at a high level. The eyes which are unduly prominent (exophthalmos) are set far apart (hypertelorism and are often divergent. The arch of the hard palate is also high and narrow, and there may be a varying degree of prognathism. Som...

OBJECTIVE Posterior vault remodeling by distraction osteogenesis is a relatively new technique used for initial correction of turribrachycephaly in children with bicoronal craniosynostosis. We present a new potential complication from this procedure; a case of pan-suture synostosis subsequent to posterior vault distraction. METHODS We report an infant girl who presented with bicoronal synosto...

CONGENITAL fusion of two or more bones of the tarsus is referred to as tarsal coalition and affects some 2% of individuals. All forms of coalition from involvement of two adjacent bones to massive tarsal fusion have been recorded. Tarsal fusion was well recognised by anatomists long before attention was drawn to its clinical significance. Slomann (1921) and Badgley (1927) were first to describe...

BACKGROUND The premature fusion of one cranial suture, also referred to as non-syndromic craniosynostosis, most commonly involves premature fusion of the sagittal, coronal, or metopic sutures, in that order. Population-based epidemiological studies have found that the birth prevalence of single-suture craniosynostosis is both suture- and sex-dependent. METHODS Transcriptomic data from 199 ind...