OBJECTIVES To describe total outpatient systemic antibiotic use in Europe from 1997 to 2009 and to analyse statistically trends of total use and composition of use over time. METHODS For the period 1997-2009, data on outpatient use of systemic antibiotics aggregated at the level of the active substance were collected and expressed in defined daily doses (WHO, version 2011) and packages per 10...

BACKGROUND In human TKA studies, intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of prophylactic antibiotics achieves local tissue antibiotic concentrations 10 times greater than systemic administration. However, it is unclear if such high concentrations provide more effective prophylaxis. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked: (1) What prophylaxis dosage and route (intravenous [IV] versus IORA of prophyla...

the empiric antibiotic therapy can result in antibiotic overuse, development of bacterial resistance and increasing costs in critically ill patients. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of procalcitonin (pct) guide treatment on antibiotic use and clinical outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care unit (icu) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs).  a total ...

Using a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus knee-prosthesis infection, we studied the efficacy of teicoplanin cement alone or in combination with systemic intramuscular (i.m.) injections of teicoplanin. Seven days after infection, surgical debridement and removal of the infected prostheses were performed, and five rabbits were randomly assigned to one of five different t...

Systemic antibiotics are increasingly used in the treatment of periodontal infections. Whilst these drugs are used mostly on an empirical basis, some physicians contend that rational use of antibiotics should be the norm due to their wide abuse and global emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms. This is a review of the principles and rational antimicrobial therapy, treatment goals, drug del...

Ecthyma gangrenosum is a characteristic skin lesion of systemic infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has a high incidence in patients with chronic disease and impaired defense mechanisms. Early diagnosis and appropriate systemic antibiotic therapy is crucial since its mortality rate is very high. We report a case of ecthyma gangrenosum in aplastic anemia.

INTRODUCTION Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may alter antibiotic pharmacokinetics and increase the risk of incorrect dosing. In a nested cohort within a large randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effect of higher (40 mL/kg per hour) and lower (25 mL/kg per hour) intensity CRRT on antibiotic pharmacokinetics. METHODS We collected serial blood samples to measure ciprofloxac...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis reduces respiratory tract infections and overall mortality in unselected critically ill adult patients. DESIGN Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials from 1984 and 1996 that compared different forms of antibiotic prophylaxis used to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality with aggregate data and, in a subset of trials, dat...