The incidence of fungal infections has increased continuously in recent years. Caspofungin (CAS) is one the first-line drugs for treatment systemic infection. However, emerging...

abstract background: primary immunodeficiency diseases (pid) are heterogeneous group of inherited disorders mainly characterized by recurrent infections leading to several times hospital admissions. the economic impact of pid is a challenging issue; therefore, this study was designed to determine the medical costs of hospitalizations in this group of patients as an indicator of the direct cost ...

Results | Four groups of drugs continue to be associated with DIAM (Table 1): nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, immunosuppressiveimmunomodulatory (IS-IM), and antiepileptic drugs.1 Prior exposure to the associated drug was present in 26% to 35% of cases (Table 1). The interval between exposure and meningitis ranged from minutes to 5 months (Table 1). Most patients pres...

sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection. sepsis, which can lead to severe sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, is an important cause of mortality. pathogenesis is extremely complex. in recent years, cell hypoxia caused by mitochondrial dysfunction has become a hot research field. sepsis damages the structure and function of mitochondria,conversely, mito...

BACTERIAL KERATITIS Simple, uninfected cases of corneal ulceration can be treated with prophylactic antibiotics, mydriatics and systemic antiinflammatory agents. However, aggressive medical therapy is indicated in all cases of confirmed or suspected bacterial keratitis. This includes topical and systemic antimicrobial drugs, mydriatics and antiproteases, and sysemic non-steroidal antiinflammato...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of intestinal efflux transporters on the in vivo oral absorption process. Three model drugs-fexofenadine (FEX), sulfasalazine (SASP), and topotecan (TPT)-were selected as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and P-gp and BCRP substrates, respectively. The drugs were orally administered to portal vein-cannulated rats...

Since ancient times, drugs have been administered via the nasal route for therapeutic and recreational purposes. The interest in, and importance, of the systemic effects of drugs administered through the nasal route, have expanded over recent decades. Intra-nasal administration of drugs offers an interesting alternative for achieving systemic therapeutic effects of drugs that are comparable to ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of intestinal efflux transporters on the in vivo oral absorption process. Three model drugs—fexofenadine (FEX), sulfasalazine (SASP), and topotecan (TPT)—were selected as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and P-gp and BCRP substrates, respectively. The drugs were orally administered to portal vein– cannulated rat...

Biologic drugs have provided excellent results in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Nevertheless, in routine clinical practice, combinations of biologic drugs with phototherapy or systemic drugs can increase efficacy, diminish toxicity, and reduce the cost of treatment. Published experience with these combinations is scarce, although the results are often satisfactory. This review ...