BACKGROUND The α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) protein is known to be a principal physiological inhibitor of plasmin, and is expressed in various part of the brain, including the hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum, thus suggesting a potential role for α2AP in brain functions. However, the involvement of α2AP in brain functions is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to...

objective(s) the present study was undertaken to investigate the nociception activity of promethazine, a tranquillizer devoid of hypnotic activity in mice. materials and methods antinociception was evaluated, using the acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin pain tests. results promethazine (4 and 6 mg/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) produced a significant inhi...

background and objective: considering the wide side effects of synthetic pain killers, use of herbal drugs in folk medicine as analgesic agents has increased. in the present work, we tried to uncover the pharmacological potential of ethanolic extracts by using various animal models and also to explore the potent antinociceptive effect of the plant thymus kotschyanus. materials and methods: the ...

Forkhead box O (Foxo) transcription factors induce muscle atrophy by upregulating the muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF-1 and atrogin-1/MAFbx, but other than Akt, the upstream regulators of Foxos during muscle atrophy are largely unknown. To examine the involvement of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) in regulation of Foxo activities and muscle atrophy, we analyzed the expressio...

OBJECTIVE Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is frequently used anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) among the athletes. Despite the health risks, there is significant increase in prevalence of AAS abuse. DESIGN The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to ND at supraphysiological dose (to mimic the doses for human AAS abusers) on anxiety levels in adult rats. SETTINGS We...