We consider here the interaction of direct and inverse cascades in a hierarchical nonlinear system that is continuously loaded by external forces. The load is applied to the largest element and is transferred down the hierarchy to consecutively smaller elements, thereby forming a direct cascade. The elements of the system fail (i. e., break down) under the load. The smallest elements fail first...

The surface of Venus displays several tectonized terrains in which the morphologic characteristics of the original materials are almost completely erased by superposed tectonic structures whose large dimensions (»100 km) suggest formation related to mantle convection. The characteristics of these tectonized terrains are in contrast to volcanic units in which tectonic structures are less signifi...

Various evidence, including size and volume of the Siberian Traps, timing and duration of eruptions, paleotectonic and paleogeographic reconstructions, lithospheric structure, heat flow, trace element and radiogenic isotope compositions of lava are reviewed in this chapter. The major evidence may be summarized as follows. The Siberian Traps erupted in a number of brief volcanic events from the ...

Abstract Using observations and descriptions of drilling cores, image logging, microscopic section, argon ion polishing field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, whole-rock trace element analysis, the study shale reservoir diagenesis space types in Fengcheng Formation Mahu Sag was conducted. Considering contents their ratios (Sr/Ba, V/Ni, Th/U, V/(V + Ni), U/Mo, Sr/Cu), is...

The Davisian model elucidates landscape development through an orogeny by denudation processes, postulating prolonged still-stand of a landmass following rapid tectonic uplift, ultimately resulting in a peneplain. The Penckian model emphasizes that landscape is shaped by concurrent tectonics and denudation, and includes the primary peneplain as an antithesis against the Davisian end-peneplain b...

The SH waves from 21 underground nuclear explosions at Pahute Mesa (NTS) were used to investigate tectonic release. The equivalent double-couple representation of the tectonic release, which was constrained by waveform modeling and the polarity of sP, is very similar for all the explosions. The average orientation is a right-lateral, strike-slip fault trending N15°W. Seismic moments were determ...

Completion of a global geological map of Venus has provided documentation of the relative age relationships, spatial distribution, and topographic configuration of the major geologic units and permitted us to address several important problems concerning the volcanic history of Venus. We use these data to: 1) assess the stratigraphic position of volcanic units and landforms, 2) determine their ...

Linear systems analysis is used to investigate the response of a surface processes model (SPM) to tectonic forcing. The SPM calculates subcontinemal scale denudational landscape evolution on geological timescales (1 to hundreds of million years) as the result of simultaneous hillslope transport, modeled by diffusion, and fluvial transport, modeled by advection and reaction. The tectonically for...

Introduction: An understanding of the spatial and azimuthal distribution of lobate scarps on Mercury is important in constraining thermal history models and models for the origin of tectonic stresses [see 1]. Existing models involve either global (radial) contraction due to secular cooling of the interior, tidal despinning, or a combination of the two [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. A comprehensive database o...