OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical data and surgical results from symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) patients who underwent burr-hole drainage (BHD) at the maximal thickness area and twist-drill craniostomy (TDC) at the precoronal point. METHODS We analyzed data from 65 symptomatic CSDH patients who underwent TDC at the pre-coronal point or BHD at the maximal thickness area. For TDC,...

This paper presents an all-digital second-order ΔΣ time-to-digital converter (TDC) by using switched-ring oscillator (SRO) and gated switched-ring oscillator (GSRO). Unlike conventional multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) TDC using the SRO, the proposed TDC does not require complex calibration to compensate for the error from frequency difference between the SROs. The prototype TDC achieves 148fsr...

Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques and fluorescence measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, (Ca2+)i, were used to investigate the mechanism of taurodeoxycholate (TDC) stimulation of Cl- secretion in the T84 colonic cell line. During perforated whole-cell recordings, the cell membrane voltage was alternately clamped to EK and ECl. Initially, TDC (0.75 mM) stimulated inward nonselective ...

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are driven by two energy convertors, i.e., an Internal Combustion (IC) engine and an electric machine. To make powertrain of HEV as efficient as possible, proper management of the energy elements is essential. This task is completed by HEV controller, which splits power between the IC engine and Electric Motor (EM). In this paper, a Genetic-Fuzzy control strategy...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We hypothesized that reported age-related shifts in skin water from less-to-more mobile states would result in increased skin tissue dielectric constant (TDC) values as TDC values depend strongly on water content and state. One aim was to test this hypothesis. Further, as skin-to-fat TDC values are used as a tool for edema and lymphedema assessment, a second aim was to establ...

Plant tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) converts tryptophan into tryptamine, precursor of indolealkylamine alkaloids. The recent finding of tryptamine metabolites in Citrus plants leads to hypothesize the existence of TDC activity in this genus. Here, we report for the first time that, in Citrus x limon seedlings, deuterium labeled tryptophan is decarboxylated into tryptamine, from which successiv...

Tolerogenic dendritic cell (tDC)-based clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases are now a reality. Clinical trials are currently exploring the effectiveness of tDC to treat autoimmune diseases of type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Crohn's disease. This review will address tDC employed in current clinical trials, focusing on cell characte...

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the emerging wireless technology standard of the near future, which enables high speed packet data access. To anticipate the future demands on WiMAX technology, we proposed an ADPLL (all-digital phase locked loop) solution for the WiMAX system. The developed ADPLL system has targeted frequencies from 2.3 GHz to 2.7 GHz and from 3.3 GHz ...

Overall limb lymphedema can be assessed by several methods but none are suitable to determine local edema. Quantifying local edema could provide important information not previously available. Our goal was to determine the suitability of using the tissue dielectric constant (TDC) as and index of local tissue water to detect and quantify edema in postmastectomy patients with unilateral arm lymph...

Previous reports described the utility of assessing local tissue water via tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measurements. Our goal was to determine the suitability of this method to evaluate lymphedema changes. For this purpose, we measured changes in TDC produced by one MLD treatment in 27 legs of 18 patients with lower extremity lymphedema. TDC values were measured to a depth of 2.5 mm at the...