Using an excimer laser-pumped CARS spectrometer, single-pulse temperature measurements have been performed with a repetition rate of up to 80 Hz in a 3-dimensional, phase-matched geometry. Single-pulse temperature data measured in a furnace typically fluctuated by _+ 50 K within the temperature range 300-1300 K. The CARS spectra were analyzed by the G-matrix formalism with inclusion of cross co...

Indirect chilling injury commonly occurs during long-term exposure to low temperature in many organisms including insects. A previous study revealed increased rates of survival and reduced cold injury in flesh flies, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, that experienced an intermittent pulse of high temperature during a low-temperature regiment. We extended these studies by determining survival rates and A...

In the new global economy, consumption has become a central issue for many fields of industries. This project work studied on the effectiveness of pulse duration of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) in machining performance in terms of cutting temperature, cutting force and surface roughness in turning AISI 1045 medium carbon steel by uncoated cemented carbide insert. Pulse mode reduces the ...

The four-dimensional Hodgkin–Huxley equations describe the propagation in space and time of the action potential v(z) along a neural axon with z = x+ ct and c being the pulse speed. The potential v(z), which is parameterized by the temperature, is driven by three gating functions, m(z), n(z) and h(z), each of which obeys formal first order kinetics with rate constants that are represented as no...

Two standard commercial flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAG (YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet) lasers have been upgraded to "pulse-burst" capability. Each laser produces a burst of up to 15 2 J Q-switched pulses (1064 nm) at repetition rates of 1-12.5 kHz. Variable pulse-width drive (0.15-0.39 ms) of the flashlamps is accomplished by insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switching of electrolytic cap...

Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps CARS) offers accurate thermometry at kHz rates for combustion diagnostics. In high-temperature flames, selection of probe-pulse characteristics is key to simultaneously optimizing signal-to-nonresonant-background ratio, signal strength, and spectral resolution. We demonstrate a simple method for enhancing signal-to-nonre...

Grokool, Hindu, aged 23, swallowed 1 tola (90 grains) of opium mixed in oil at 2 o'clock on the night of the 16th September 1879. He was a personal servant of a native gentleman, and as he did not turn out to his ordinary duties in the morning, his house was searched, and he was found in a state of semi-insensibility. He was brought to the dispensary at 8 a. m., suffering from marked symptoms o...

Pulse firing offers significant process and productivity benefits, such as improved temperature uniformity and high heat transfer rates to the product load through maximum system turndown and utilizes the system’s burners at their most efficient firing rates. However, overshoot and undershoot is unavoidable. To minimize these effects, the system operates the burner at an enhanced turndown rate....

The aim of this study is to evaluate the temperature change on specimens of primary enamel irradiated with different pulse duration of Nd:YAG laser. Fifteen sound primary molars were sectioned mesiodistally, resulting in 30 specimens (3.5 × 3.5 × 2.0 mm). Two small holes were made on the dentin surface in which K-type thermocouples were installed to evaluate thermal changes. Specimens were rand...