Number of potential drugs are underutilized due to a lack availability teratological data. Isosorbide Dinitrate is saviour drug in angina prophylaxis while chlorzoxazone skeletal muscle relaxant and there no adequate teratogenic study performed till date. This aims assess the effect these on vital organs using chick embryo model. White Leghorn’s (Gallus gallus domesticus) fertilised chicken egg...

Dermatologist Michael McIntyre enters the examining room and greets his patient, Reina Sharpe, and her parents. Reina is 14 years old and has been a patient of Dr. McIntyre’s for about a year. Anxious about beginning her freshman year of high school in a few weeks, Reina expresses frustration over her worsening acne. Dr. McIntyre recognizes that Reina’s condition has progressed from a moderate ...

Congenital hearing loss continues to be a devastating and disabling affliction in our society. In an effort to promote early recognition and treatment of hearing impairment in children, the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing has established a series of risk factors that place a newborn or infant at risk for hearing loss. These factors have been selected based on either genetic evidence of inheri...

The yolk sac membrane from hen eggs contains esterases that hydrolyze phenyl phenylacetate OpPA) and are sensitive to inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo, by many organophosphorus compounds and by eserine. These esterases are the principal proteins in the membrane which are phosphorylated by 3H-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate. Inhibition of this mixture of PPA-hydrolyzing esterases in viuo do...

Therapy with the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) during early pregnancy can cause similar teratogenic effects (neural tube defects) in human and mice. In this study a new molecular bioassay is presented using following endpoints: differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma cells, altered cell morphology, induction of possible targeted genes, and the induction of viral R...

OBJECTIVES The objectives were to estimate the frequency of pregnancy testing in emergency department (ED) visits by reproductive-aged women administered or prescribed teratogenic medications (Food and Drug Administration categories D or X) and to determine factors associated with nonreceipt of a pregnancy test. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using 2005 through 2009 Na...

The effects in the chicken embryo assay of four Alternaria metabolites (alternariol [AOH], alternariol methyl ether [AME], altenuene [ALT], and tenuazonic acid [TA]) were investigated. Administered to 7-day-old chicken embryos by yolk sac injection, AOH, AME, and ALT caused no mortality or teratogenic effect at doses up to 1,000, 500, and 1,000 micrograms per egg, respectively. TA exhibited a c...

A case is reported of a baby born with congenital abnormalities due to maternal ingestion of warfarin during pregnancy. Warfarin is known to be teratogenic, producing characteristic abnormalities, namely a hypoplastic nose, stippled epiphyses, and skeletal abnormalities. A variety of ocular abnormalities have been reported. Ophthalmologists should seek a history of maternal warfarin ingestion w...