The present study was done to evaluate the presence of tetracycline resistance genes in Lactococcus garvieae isolated from cultured rainbow trout, West Iran. The isolates were examined for antimicrobial resistance using disc diffusion method. Of the 49 strains tested, 19 were resistant to tetracycline (38.7%), 32 to enrofloxacin (65.3%), 21 to erythromycin (42.8%), 20 to chloramphenicol and tri...

Fifty-six Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered between 1998 and 2003 from 31 rabbit farms with and without problems of chronic staphylococcosis, were screened for resistance to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, neomycin, penicillin and tetracyclines using the agar dilution test. For penicillin, a disk diffusion test was also performed. The detection of tetP(B), tet(K), tet...

The objective of this study was to compare the distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in the Gram-negative fecal flora between swine that were fed subtherapeutic chlortetracycline as compared to pigs that did not receive in feed antimicrobials. Within each of 2 farms, 8 finisher barns were temporarily matched in pairs based on pig placement dates. For each matched pair, a barn was assign...

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) inhabit soil and water but certain strains represent a health risk for human and animals. Both clinical and soil RGM may be under selection pressure for resistance to tetracycline (TET) antibiotics, since tetracyclines are administrated to humans and farm animals, and TET residues enter soil through manuring; however, resistance to TET and the presence of TET-...

DNA methylation is established by DNA methyltransferases and is a key epigenetic mark. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are enzymes that oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and further oxidization products (oxi-mCs), which indirectly promote DNA demethylation. Here, we provide an overview of the effect of TET proteins and altered DNA modification status in T ...

Human T cell hybridomas were produced by fusing the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient line of the human T cell lymphoma Jurkat with a continuous line of normal human T cells specific for tetanus toxoid (TeT). The hybridomas were selected for their ability to produce interleukin 2 after exposure to TeT on semiautologous monocytes and for their ability to bind to TeT-pulsed semiaut...

The aim of this study was to investigate selective pressure of antibiotics on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial communities in manure-polluted aquatic environment. Three treatment groups were set up in freshwater-sediment microcosms: tetracyclines group, sulfonamides group and fluoroquinolones group. Sediment and water samples were collected on day 14 after treatment. Antibiotic ...

Shiga toxin (Stx) is a major virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli that occasionally causes fatal systemic complications. We recently developed a tetravalent peptide (PPP-tet) that neutralizes the cytotoxicity of Stx2 using a multivalent peptide library approach. In this study, we used this technique to identify a series of tetravalent peptides that bound to Stx1, another major...

An Asp or Asn substitution for Gly247 in transmembrane helix 8 (TM-8) of Tet(B), the tetracycline efflux protein, eliminated tetracycline resistance. Second site suppressor mutations which partially restored resistance were located in TM-5, -8, -10, or -11 or in cytoplasmic loop 8-9 or loop 10-11. These results indicate physical proximity or functional relationships between TM-8 and these other...