Meiosis was analyzed cytogenetically in autotetraploids of Arabidopsis, including both established lines and newly generated autotetraploid plants. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with 5S and 45S rDNA probes was used to identify the different chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis. Multivalents were observed frequently in all the lines analyzed, but there were significant differences in multiv...

N an earlier paper (GEIRINGER 1948) the author has investigated the matheI matical genetics of autopolyploids if one locus is considered and chromosome segregation is assumed. A paper on the linkage theory of autopolyploids (m loci), under the same assumption, is in press (GEIRINGER 1949). However, while chromosome segregation might be assumed as an approximation theory, the study of polyploids...

For both plant (e.g., potato) and animal (e.g., salmon) species, unveiling the genetic architecture of complex traits is key to the genetic improvement of polyploids in agriculture. F1 progenies of a biparental cross are often used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in outcrossing polyploids, where haplotype reconstruction by identifying the parental origins of marker alleles is necessar...

To test the hypothesis that the cultivated peanut species possesses almost no molecular variability, we sequenced a diverse panel of 22 Arachis accessions representing Arachis hypogaea botanical classes, A-, B-, and K- genome diploids, a synthetic amphidiploid, and a tetraploid wild species. RNASeq was performed on pools of three tissues, and de novo assembly was performed. Realignment of indiv...

The wheat tribe, Triticeae, includes many genomically distinct polyploid taxa. Elymus is an entirely allopolyploid genus, with all species containing the St genome of Pseudoroegneria. The St genome may be combined with one or more distinct genomes representing multiple, diverse diploid donors from throughout the tribe. This study includes a simultaneous phylogenetic analysis of new and previous...

Much of the diversity of flowering plants is associated with genomic duplication through polyploidy. Little is known, however, about the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the diversification of novel polyploid lineages. We evaluated the possibility that divergence is driven by natural selection by estimating the strength of phenotypic selection acting on three floral traits in sympatric p...

Few studies have assessed how ploidy type within a species affects genetic variation among populations in relation to source climates. Basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) A. Love) is a large bunchgrass common in the intermountain Western U.S. found in both octoploid and tetraploid types. In common gardens at two sites over two years differences in both ploidy type and genetic varia...

Taxa involving three bisexually reproducing ploidy levels make green toads a unique amphibian system. We put a cytogenetic dataset from Central Asia in a molecular framework and apply phylogenetic and demographic methods to data from the entire Palearctic range. We study the mitochondrial relationships of diploids to infer their phylogeography and the maternal ancestry of polyploids. Control re...

We compared the anatomy, density, chemical contents, and bioenergy values of Eucalyptus grandis hybrids x urophylla wood originating from diploids, triploids tetraploids. hypothesize that with different degrees ploidy have variations as a result sets chromosomes producing phenotypic expressions constituents, such variation in cell size frequency, which would directly influence quality. Twenty-y...

Discrimination between disomic and tetrasomic inheritance aids in determining whether tetraploids originated by allotetraploidy or autotetraploidy, respectively. Past assessments of inheritance in tetraploids have used analyses whereby each inheritance hypothesis is tested independently. I present a Bayesian analysis that is appropriate for discriminating among several inheritance hypotheses an...