The opening of Japan’s borders, along with the restoration of political power to the Imperial court, was seen as an opportunity to aggressively integrate Western customs into Japanese culture. In terms of diet, removal of the longstanding social taboo against the eating of meat became a symbol of this integration. While there are cultures throughout the world that forbid the eating of beef or p...

Cultural attitudes towards mentally and physically challenged and handicapped fellow-humans have changed from culture to culture and from century to century. But all cultures seem to have visible or hidden recognition of the dignity and uniqueness and sometimes divine characteristics of the handicapped. From bodily and mentally challenged acrobats and artists in the Chinese Imperial Court and t...

1 Abstract We present the results of several surveys for supernovae (SNe) in galaxy clusters. SNe discovered in deep, archival HST images were used to measure the cluster SN Ia rate to z = 1. A search for SNe in nearby (0.06 ≤ z ≤ 0.2) Abell galaxy clusters yielded 15 SNe, 12 of which were spectroscopically confirmed. Of these, 7 are cluster SNe Ia, which we will use to measure the SN Ia rate i...

scriptions of genital and sexual development are clear and thorough. However, his description of the various genetic and hormonal factors involved in sexual development is skimpy and very difficult to follow. For example, Jost's classic experiments on the factors involved in determining sex and internal and external genital development are hardly mentioned, and certainly not dealt with in a way...

OBJECTIVE To use the product launch of Player's Premiere as a case study for understanding the new cigarette product development process during the 1990s. We determine the (in)validity of industry claims that: (1) development of the physical product preceded the promotional promise of "less irritation"; (2) "less irritation" was actually realised; (3) advertising informed consumers; and (4) adv...

Abstract In 1763, Aḥmad Shāh Durrānī sent an embassy to the Qianlong emperor. The envoy caused offence by refusing prostrate himself. Still, Qing court fêted his embassy. It seemed beginning of a promising relationship, but two empires never had contact again. presented as tributary mission, in pragmatic world frontier policy, with Durrānīs was deliberately avoided. Why did no relationship deve...

Complete List of Authors: Fang, Fangxin; Imperial College London, Earth Science and Engineering Pain, ChristopherC; Imperial College London, Department of Earth Science and Engineering Navon, Michael; Florida State University, School of Computational Science Piggott, MD; Imperial College London, Earth Science and Engineering Gorman, Gerard; Imperial College London, Earth Science and Engineering...

Abstract This article examines time recording and practices in Kenmu nitchū gyōji , a medieval document describing daily monthly routine at the court of Emperor Go-Daigo beginning fourteenth century. By probing into text’s chronographic chronopolitical features, it is shown that strongly concerned with temporality, providing an ideal which regularities are meant to repeat identically according ...