Abstract The UN General Assembly and the Security Council should amend their rules of procedure to create gender parity on bench International Court Justice. Only 3.7 per cent all judges ICJ have been women. Charter, Statute, long-standing practice underscore importance representation, but focus has geographical representation. Using law international organizations, combined with treaty interpr...

The Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) is the supranational, apex court of the Organization for the Harmonization in Africa of Business Laws (OHADA), an organization that currently covers seventeen countries in West and Central Africa. OHADA is the French-language acronym for this organization’s title and specifically refers to harmonization; nevertheless, the organization’s purpose...

according to the articles 169 to 179 of the civil judgment enforcement law, the enforcement of the foreign judgment in the iranian law is based on the reciprocal act. but extension of international relations in the world today, above all in the commercial domain, requires that enforcement of foreign judgment be accepted after obtaining its correctness conditions based on res judicata. therefore...

Court workflow automation has been proliferating in justice system of almost all jurisdictions around the world. The reasons, among others, are its efficiency in managing case files, retrieving case information within seconds, the effective integration between organizations and speedy justice dispensation. It allows justice to take place virtually using the advanced technologies electronic case...

so far, many international criminal courts have been established for trying international crimes by united nations and security council. such as; nuremberg international military tribunal, tokyo tribunal, international criminal tribunal for former yugoslavia, international criminal tribunal for former rwanda, international criminal court and special court for searle one. special tribunal for le...

SCIENCE sciencemag.org I n March 2014, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, ruled that a Japanese whaling program in the Antarctic, ostensibly for scientific purposes, was not sufficiently research-oriented and thus was illegal ( 1). The ICJ’s critical assessment represents the first time that scientific whaling has been reviewed by an au...