“a city can be read through its streets”. stéphane douady, professor of dynamics of out-of-equilibrium systems in paris diderot university began his speech with these words. he continued by explaining the significance of the street structure: “when we think of a city, we first think of the houses. while they can be replaced when destroyed or abandoned, the streets remain stable”. dr. douady’s m...

iran has mountainous landscapes and half of its surface is occupied by highlands. moreover, iran is an arid country and deserts are located at lower altitudes. most metropolitan areas are positioned in mid-altitudes between mountain and desert. cities grow upwardly toward the highlands under pressures of urbanization and desertification. foothill ecotones are a zone between upland mountains and...

The concept of a \\tness landscape", a picturesque term for a mapping of the vertices of a nite graph to the real numbers, has arisen in several elds, including evolutionary theory. The computational complexity of two, qualitatively similar versions of a particularly simple tness landscape are shown to diier considerably. In one version, the question \Is the global optimum greater than a given ...

This paper proposes an LMT analysis for valence alternations in German of the form NP V NP [P NP ] NP V NP [P NP ], where the indices denote referential identity. These alternations involve direct internal arguments (i.e., objects) and indirect prepositional complements, and characterize among others the behaviour of verbal predicates which participate in the so-called Locative Alternation phen...

Water harvesting is the collection of runoff for productivity purposes, instead of runoff being left to cause erosion. In arid and semi-arid drought-prone areas, micro-catchments are widely used as a water harvesting method to improve rangeland condition. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of micro-catchment on ecological indices of rangeland health in Ghick-Sheikhha, Jirof...

The formation of an anisotropic landscape is influenced by natural and/or human 2 processes, which can then be inferred on the basis of geometric indices. In this 3 study, two minimal bounding rectangles in consideration of the principles of 4 mechanics (i.e. minimal width bounding (MWB) box and moment bounding 5 (MB) box) were introduced. Based on these boxes, four novel shape indices, 6 namel...