Red deer males roar loudly and repeatedly during the breeding season. A series of playback experiments, carried out on farmed red deer in New Zealand, revealed that females preferred a high to a low roaring rate, but not low-pitched to high-pitched roars. In free-ranging red deer, fundamental frequency (the main determinant of roar pitch) is not related to body weight or reproductive success, w...

Current models on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) have shown a lack of reliability when evaluating feature-relevance for deep neural biomarker classifiers. The inclusion reliable saliency-maps obtaining trustworthy and interpretable activity is still insufficiently mature practical applications. These limitations impede the development clinical applications Deep Learning. To address, ...