Abstract—Bringing forth a survey on recent higher order spline techniques for solving boundary value problems in ordinary differential equations. Here we have discussed the summary of the articles since 2000 till date based on higher order splines like Septic, Octic, Nonic, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth and Thirteenth Degree splines. Comparisons of methods with own critical comments as remarks have ...

Abstract This paper applies the concept of ‘kinetic empire’ to eastern Mediterranean world in tenth and eleventh centuries. The term is borrowed from Hämäläinen's analysis eighteenth- nineteenth-century north American Comanche Empire. It refers way which trans- supra-regional power could be created, expressed enforced through mobile means. article focuses primarily on role mobility expansion By...

Abstract This article explores how the memory of conquest Shang and rise first Zhou kings was transmitted during early centuries dynasty, specifically as it reflected in inscriptions on excavated bronze vessels bells from Western period (ca. mid-eleventh to eighth century b.c.e. ). Approaching these inscribed objects their texts perspective theories social cultural reveals that commemorating fo...

khoy, one of the major cities in the west azarbaijan province is known for its nature, military, border positions, proximity to the silk road, including many different cultures and overall is one of the important settlements in the area. this essay investigates khoy city’s expansion, from early islam until late qajar (fourth - fourteenth century) according to historical documents. this article ...