Islamic Art is the art of civilization based on Islamic religion. Moreover, it not only concerned with particular region or particular people rather it is a combination of different civilizations and historical circumstances as painted with Islamic weltanschauung. The Arab civilization is probably more important. Although the Arabs have little art and even then, they developed Islamic art with ...

P arallel revolutions in molecular biology and intellectual property rights over plant genetic resources helped spur the emergence of agricultural biotechnologies and the introduction of genetically modified (GM) products into the food system. Intellectual property rights create economic incentives for research and development by giving innovators claim to the benefits associated with new techn...

Nowadays, innovation is increasingly important for firms to build and/or sustain their competitive advantages, and thus they seek outside innovators to help them solve innovation problems. Online collaborative community, which can combine diverse intelligence across geographic borders and promote collaborative innovation effectively and efficiently, has been adopted by many leading companies in...

Recent studies of outlaw communities provide qualitative evidence of their existence and the organisation of the underlying innovation processes. We provide descriptive results from a large scale survey of two online outlaw communities focussing on Microsoft’s XBox. In line with previous findings, we identify two types of participants in outlaw communities user innovators and adopters. Based on...

Open innovation (OI) has been mainly associated with high-technology firms. This paper aims to analyze how firms in low and medium technology industries implement their OI strategy. In doing so, we explore common patterns strategies by considering inbound, outbound, coupled practices. We also examine whether there are differences performance among companies adopting a specific The study is carr...

With sincere thanks to Eric von Hippel and Nana Admadjaja, the many innovators who gave graciously of their time, and my wonderful family and friends. Responsibility for all views expressed lies with the author.

Innovators use externalized knowledge representations when they consult blueprints, read spectrographs, or develop mathematical models. These representations may impact not only individuals' capacities for creative transformation or other mental work, but also project teams' collective understanding and coordination. For this study, 219 team members were surveyed concerning the knowledge repres...

Earlier adopters of a product or service tend to be more valuable than later adopters. Does this empirical generalization equally apply to earlier adopters of a multichannel retailer’s new online channel too? This study segments customers on the basis of their responses to a new online channel and investigates the effects of their online channel adoption on purchase volumes across segments. The...