We present work on 3D hypersonic laminar flows of air around blunt bodies with applied magnetic fields of various strengths. The air is heated by a shock that can change its thermodynamic properties. We treat the air both as a calorically perfect gas (chemically frozen) and as a real gas in thermodynamic equilibrium. Due to the high temperature the thermodynamic properties of the air are affect...

Cognitive abilities rise steeply from infancy to young adulthood and then are either maintained or decline to old age, depending on the specific ability. This pattern suggests corresponding continuities of mechanism and process, but it is striking that the fields of cognitive development and cognitive aging make little contact with each other's methods and theories. In this review we examine re...

We test the influence of the Coulomb interaction on the thermodynamic and cluster generation properties of a system of classical particles described by different lattice models. Numerical simulations show that the Coulomb interaction produces essentially a shift in temperature of quantities like the specific heat but not qualitative changes. We also consider a cellular model. The thermodynamic ...

We studied the developmental trends of temperament and character in a longitudinal population-based sample of Finnish men and women aged 20-45 years using the Temperament and Character Inventory model of personality. Personality was assessed in 1997, 2001, and 2007 (n = 2,104, 2,095, and 2,056, respectively). Mean-level changes demonstrated qualitatively distinct developmental patterns for char...

We describe gene-environment processes that may help account for individual differences in successful aging. Our emphasis is on successful aging in the cognitive domain, wherein individuals come to use a variety of strategies to cope with changes in cognitive capacities. We focus on the role of executive control in particular and define gene-environment correlation and nonshared environmental m...

Personality has been implicated in romantic and sexual relationships, but its association with childbearing is poorly understood. The authors assessed whether 3 personality traits--sociability, emotionality, and activity--predicted the probability of having children and whether having children predicted personality change. The participants were women and men from the Cardiovascular Risk in Youn...

Parenting a child with chronic disease provides a unique set of challenges for both mothers and fathers throughout all phases of the illness. However, fathers of these children are under-represented in existing research. This review focuses on the fathers of children with chronic disease included in 44 original articles. We address the challenges to the father's role as breadwinner, leader and ...

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