In this study, an in vitro device that mimics the oral phase of swallowing is calibrated using in vivo measurements. The oral flow behavior of different Newtonian and non-Newtonian solutions is then investigated in vitro, revealing that shear-thinning thickeners used in the treatment of dysphagia behave very similar to low-viscosity Newtonian liquids during active swallowing, but provide better...

The literature on pediatric reflux can be divided into studies addressing clinically apparent reflux (vomiting or regurgitation) and reflux as measured by pH probe or other methods. Sodium alginate reduces vomiting and improves parents' assessment of symptoms (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, small randomized controlled trial [RCT]). Formula thickened with rice cereal decreases the number o...

The flocculation that takes place in the central feedwell of thickener plays a crucial role coal-slurry thickening process, which is not only complex but also largely influenced by flow characteristics. A coupled computational fluid dynamics–population balance model (CFD–PBM) was used to flocculation-thickening behaviour an industrial-scale gravity thickener. initialisation parameters inlet wer...

Recent progress in the development of temperature responsive flocculants based on poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) is reviewed. The polymer switches between a flocculant at temperature above the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) (32C for PNIPAM) and a dispersant at temperature below the LCST. Both batch sedimentation and continuous pilot scale operations have been conducted. Sedi...

1 In a study site in interior northern California, twenty individual lodgepole pines Pinus contorta were sprayed with a suspension of DISRUPT Micro-Flake ® Verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1)hept-3-en-2-one) Bark Beetle AntiAggregant flakes (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, Pennsylvania) in water, with sticker and thickener, from ground level to a height of 7 m. Twenty trees sprayed with ju...

In a previous investigation, greases with two different thickeners, namely lithium complex (LiX) and polypropylene (PP), three base oil viscosities were investigated in fretting varying displacement amplitude, applied normal load material combination. The tribological behavior of grease is extremely complex. Very lubrication effects found for the same type, depending on test conditions. propert...