Volcanic ash fall is the most important cause for the existence and preservation of organic rich shales. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the implications are many. Formation of organic-rich shales correlates with high water column productivity rather than anoxia. Coastal upwelling occurs in about one percent of the world's oceans today. Upwelling concentrates sediments locally or regionally an...

Extensive horizons of pyritic shale occur in Mid-Proterozoic sediments of the eastern Belt basin, Montana, U.S.A. These pyritic shales are of striped appearance. Laminated pyrite beds alternate with non-pyritic shale beds. Laminated pyrite beds have wavy-crinkly internal laminae and are interpreted as mineralized microbial mats. Pyrite is essentially the only sulfide mineral in these shales. Py...

Following the latest Permian mass extinction (LPME), ocean experienced turbulent conditions due to elevated temperatures during Griesbachian (Early Triassic). These adverse resulted in a prolonged delay biotic recovery. However, current understanding of sedimentological responses at that time these remains incomplete. The harsh led formation abnormal carbonate rocks (known as anachronistic faci...

Wave modeling and analysis of sedimentary structures were used to evaluate whether four examples symmetrical, reversing, or straight-crested bedforms in Gale crater sandstones are preserved wave ripples; deposition by waves would demonstrate that the lake was not covered ice at time. indicates regardless atmospheric density, winds exceeded threshold aeolian sand transport could have generated c...

Bioturbation long has been ‘blamed’ for eliminating late Proterozoic-style sedimentary structures and fabrics. While the presence of diverse and complex burrows in lowermost Cambrian strata is indisputable, analysis of Precambrian– Cambrian successions in southeast Newfoundland demonstrate that this burrowing style did not produce typical Phanerozoic-style ichnofabrics. Three hundred meters of ...

A thin-bed laminated shaly-sand reservoir of the Miocene formation was evaluated using two methods: high resolution microresistivity data from XRMI tool and conventional well logs. Based on data, Earth model defined in a way that allowed analyzed interval to be subdivided into thin layers sandstones, mudstones, claystones. Theoretical logs gamma ray, bulk density, horizontal vertical resistivit...

We study the direction-dependent drag acting on a cylindrical solid intruder with length $L$ and diameter $D$ as it moves in water-saturated granular beds at constant depth. Polysterene hydrogel grains $d$ are used to investigate materials which have high contact friction those nearly frictionless, respectively. The is measured while oriented perpendicular $F_\perp$ parallel $F_\parallel$ its a...

Background: Health equity is “having fair access to healthcare, utilizing it according to actual needs, paying for it based on financial capacity and finally, having an acceptable level of health”. Health equity is an underlying principle of the universal declaration of human rights. Equitable distribution of hospital beds increases people’s access to healthcare services and as a result, improv...