3D printing is a relatively new, rapidly expanding method of manufacturing that found numerous applications in healthcare, automotive, aerospace and defense industries and in many other areas. In this review, applications in medicine that are revolutionizing the way surgeries are carried out, disrupting prosthesis and implant markets as well as dentistry will be presented. The relatively new fi...

Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners for image-guided radiotherapy are in clinical use today, but there has been no consensus on uniform acceptance to verify the CBCT image quality yet. The present work proposed new methods to fully evaluate the performance of CBCT in its three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction space. Materials and Methods: Compared to the traditional methods...

A method for optimizing MR imaging pulse sequence parameters in a statistical framework is presented. Parameters are defined to be optimal when the resulting scalar images yield optimal image segmentations using Bayesian pixel classification. Thus, Bayes risk is used as the objective function to minimize. Approximations are made to give a tractable solution in a four-step procedure. A sample ca...

background: external beam radiotherapy (ebrt) is mainstay of treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma (lacc). three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3dcrt) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt) are mainly used in ebrt. however which one is superior is still controversial. materials and methods: forty patients of lacc treated with imrt were selected for this study....

We propose differential holography as a method to overcome the long-standing forward-scattering problem in photoelectron holography and related techniques for the three-dimensional imaging of atoms. Atomic images reconstructed from experimental and theoretical Cu 3p holograms from Cu(001) demonstrate that this method suppresses strong forward-scattering effects so as to yield more accurate thre...

Mailing address: Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira • Rua Cardoso de Melo, 463/21 04548-002 São Paulo, SP Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received January 09, 2007; revised manuscript received January 01, 2007; accepted March 13, 2007. The use of three-dimensional echocardiography for the analysis of cardiac structures allows the viewing of planes that make the anatomic identification m...

The results of experiments in developing a method for extracting three-dimensional information from a scene by means of a polarimetric passive imaging sensor are summarized. This sensor provides a full Stokes vector at each sensor pixel location from which degree and angle of linear polarization are computed. The angle of linear polarization provides the azimuth angle of the surface normal vect...

This article addresses the current state of the art of technology in three-dimensional echocardiography as it applies to transducer design, beam forming, display, and quantification. Because three-dimensional echocardiography encompasses many technical and clinical areas, this article reviews its strengths and limitations and concludes with an analysis of what to use when.

The surface alignment of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals can not only be planar (tangential) but also homeotropic, with self-assembled aggregates perpendicular to the substrate, as demonstrated by mapping optical retardation and by three-dimensional imaging of the director field. With time, the homeotropic nematic undergoes a transition into a tangential state. The anchoring transition is d...