BACKGROUND The deltoid ligament has both superficial and deep layers and consists of up to six ligamentous bands. The prevalence of the individual bands is variable, and no consensus as to which bands are constant or variable exists. Although other studies have looked at the variance in the deltoid anatomy, none have quantified the distance to relevant osseous landmarks. METHODS The deltoid l...

Tibiotalar arthrodesis is a well-established treatment for tibiotalar arthritis, for example, in younger high demand patients. Talar neck fractures are less common though well-recognised sequelae of foot ankle trauma. Here we present the clinical case of a 69-year-old male who presented to our institution with a nonunion of a talar neck fracture, having undergone a left tibiotalar fusion 24 yea...

Gait is influenced by many factors, but one of the most prominent ones shoe heel height. Optical motion tracking technology widely used to analyze high-heeled gait, it normally involves several high-quality cameras and licensed software, so clinics researchers with low budgets cannot afford them. This article presents a simple, effective technique measure rotation angles on sagittal plane ankle...

A cavovarus foot deformity was simulated in cadaver specimens by inserting metallic wedges of 15 degrees and 30 degrees dorsally into the first tarsometatarsal joint. Sensors in the ankle joint recorded static tibiotalar pressure distribution at physiological load. The peak pressure increased significantly from neutral alignment to the 30 degrees cavus deformity, and the centre of force migrate...

Objectives: Arthritis of the foot and ankle joints provoke pain restricts function. The arthroscopic assisted arthrodesis (AAA) is a minimally invasive procedure for end stage arthritis to eliminate achieve painless mobilization, with numerous benefits like faster time union, less blood loss, morbidity, infection rate, soft tissue complications compared open surgery. objective this paper retros...

BACKGROUND There are limited studies regarding the effects of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on other areas of lower extremity. In current study, we investigated the changes of tibiotalar joint following HTO. METHODS A total of 39 patients with genu varum requiring HTO were enrolled in this before and after study. The genu varus, joint diversion (JDA), lateral distal tibial (LDTA) and lateral di...

BACKGROUND It is important to evaluate dynamic changes in the joint space width of the ankle mortise in detail in order to better understand the pathology of foot and ankle disorders. However, there are few reports on changes in the joint space width of the foot and ankle assessed using 3D images. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the joint space width of the ankle (tibi...

Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. 1 Most of the rotational ankle fracture mechanisms described by Lauge-Hansen can lead to posterior malleolar fractures by avulsion of the posterior tibial fibular ligament especially the posterior external rotation (PER) injury. Trimalleolar fractures are known to have a worse prognosis than bimalleolar fracture...