We compare simultaneous sequences of Hα and He ii 304Å images near the solar limb. We propose to distinguish polar surges and giant spicules (macrospicules), among the He ii structures observed beyond the solar limb. Polar surges have a complex structure when observed in Hα and an erup-tive nature, reminiscent of normal surges in small scale. Giant spicules are simple spikes, very narrow compar...

The sea is rarely level. Its surface is perturbed in many ways over contrasting spatial and temporal scales. The wind ruffles the surface of the water generating waves, which travel across the oceans as swell. Groups of waves propagating from one storm interact with wind waves and swell from other directions generated by other storms, and account for the irregular surf where they meet the shore...

[1] The climatological model of the equatorial electrojet, EEJM-1, derived from Ørsted, CHAMP and SAC-C satellite measurements provides the opportunity to investigate the longitudinal variation of the current strength in detail. Special emphasis is put in this study on the effect of nonmigrating tides. We have found that the influence of the diurnal eastward-propagating mode with wavenumber-3, ...

Traveling surges are commonly adopted in protection devices of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Lightning strikes also can produce large-amplitude traveling surges which lead to the malfunction of relays. To ensure the reliable operation of protection devices, recognition of traveling surges must be considered. Wavelet entropy, which can reveal time-frequency distributio...

The two-way coupled phase-resolved long wave (LW) model and phase-averaged spectrum (SW) is often employed to simulate the coastal flooding due superimposed astronomical high tides storm surges. This study suggests an alternative approach by proposing a new formula for radiation stresses (RS) term consider IG waves. becomes space-time dependent, it can reduce original form of RS that correspond...

The study objectives were to determine (i) if pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surges, undetected in urine by two immunoradiometric assays (IRMA), were detectable by an ultrasensitive immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and (ii) the influence of creatinine adjustment on the detection and timing of the urinary LH surges. Daily urine specimens were contributed by healthy 25-36 year old voluntee...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM sleep) physiologically entails arterial pressure surges. Pressure surges may lead to acute cardiovascular events in risk conditions such as arterial hypertension. We investigated whether arterial hypertension alters the rate of occurrence and the characteristics of the pressure surges during REM sleep. DESIGN Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)...

v Summary Most deltas of the world and their highly urbanized environments, are vulnerable to flooding, and thus, the consequences in terms of human fatalities and economic losses are serious. Floods and the consequent damages have triggered significant developments of flood protection measures. Flood risk is expected to be much more serious in the future. On the one hand, climate change is exa...