The windows can be responsible for unnecessary energy consumption in a building, if incorrectly designed, shadowed or oriented. Considering an annual thermal comfort assessment of a space, if windows are over-dimensioned, they can contribute to the increase of the heating needs due to heat losses, and also to the increase of cooling needs due to over-exposure to solar radiation. When under-dime...

Current air-conditioning systems can reduce the fuel economy of high fuel-economy vehicles by about 50% and reduce the fuel economy of today’s mid-sized vehicles by more than 20% while increasing NOx by nearly 80% and CO by 70%. Automotive glazing has a significant impact on the peak and steady-state cooling loads of the vehicle. Glazing that reflects the infrared portion of the solar spectrum ...

High initial costs hinder innovative technologies for building envelopes. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) should consider energy savings to show relevant economic benefits and potential reduce consumption CO2 emissions. Cost (LCC) Energy (LCE) focus on investment, operation, maintenance, dismantling, disposal, and/or recycling the building. This study compares LCC LCE analysis of Water Flow Glazing...

We extend the study of Akiyama’s tile-makers: surfaces whose developments all tile the plane. First, we prove that the developments of Akiyama’s tile-makers are the prototiles that tile the plane isohedrally with rotation and without reflection. Second, we give a simple characterization of all closed (boundaryless) tile-makers and give three new tile-makers not known to Akiyama. Finally, we pro...

We show that the Tile Assembly Model exhibits a strong notion of universality where the goal is to give a single tile assembly system that simulates the behavior of any other tile assembly system. We give a tile assembly system that is capable of simulating a very wide class of tile systems, including itself. Specifically, we give a tile set that simulates the assembly of any tile assembly syst...

background: respiratory diseases cause a considerable amount of morbidity and mortality in the world. pulmonary function tests are important measures for the diagnosis and management of respiratory disorders. workers in tile and ceramic industry are exposed to high amounts of respiratory pollutants. objective: to identify the changes in spirometric parameters in a 2-year period among tile and c...

While the theoretical implications of models of DNA tile self-assembly have been extensively researched and such models have been used to design DNA tile systems for use in experiments, there has been little research testing the fundamental assumptions of those models. In this paper, we use direct observation of individual tile attachments and detachments of two DNA tile systems on a mica surfa...

Glazing for adaptive solar control is the most promising for energy efficient development, because the use of this technology in buildings can be expected to significantly impact energy use and efficiency by screening sunlight that enters a building in summer. To achieve autonomous adjustable transparency, we have developed photothermotropic material system by combining photothermal materials w...