Chicken spleen Transfer Factor (TF) is a low-molecular-weight lymphocyte extract composed of polypeptide and nucleotide. However, its role in regulating intestinal structure function laying hens has remained largely unknown. 100 one-day-old were randomly divided into five groups administered with different doses TF (0.00 [control], 0.05mL, 0.10mL, 0.25mL 1.00mL). The results showed that the hig...

BACKGROUND Previously we reported that mice deficient in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) signalling were protected from diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Another member of the toll-like receptor family, TLR-2, has been shown to play a role in lipid trafficking via uptake of diacylated lipoproteins. However, a role for TLR-2 in NASH has not been elucidated. The objectives of the cu...

background: dendritic cells (dcs) are potent antigen presenting cells for triggering of the immune reaction post transplantation. these cells are centrally involved in the initiation of t cell-dependent immune responses. objective: to compare the level of dc maturation and function in liver transplant recipients with healthy controls. methods: in this study, twelve peripheral blood samples were...

The study aims to explore the effects of TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway on the occurrence of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative knee OA and normal cartilage samples were collected from patients with degenerative knee OA receiving total knee arthroplasty and amputation. Expressions of TLR-2, NF-κB and MMP-13 were determined by qRT-PCR and immunochemistry. The chondrocytes were di...

Bacterial lipoproteins and CpG-DNA are ligands for Toll-Like-Receptors (TLR) 2 and 9 respectively. Both classes of molecules were reported to induce experimental arthritis in rodents following direct intra-articular injection. Here we studied: 1) whether arthritis induction by Outer surface (Lipo)protein A (OspA) (B.burgdorferi) involved the TLR-2 as well as the TLR-4 or the CD-14 receptors in ...

The Gal/GalNAc lectin (Gal-lectin) of Entamoeba histolytica is a surface molecule involved in parasite adherence to host cells and is the most promising subunit vaccine candidate against amoebiasis. As macrophages are the major effector cells in host defense against amoebas, we studied the molecular mechanisms by which Gal-lectin activates macrophage. Microarray analysis showed that Gal-lectin ...

Genetic host factors play a substantial role in susceptibility to and severity of malaria, which continues to cause at least one million deaths per year. Recently, members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family have been shown to be involved in recognition of the etiologic organism Plasmodium falciparum: The glycosylphosphatidylinisitol anchor induces signaling in host cells via TLR-2 and -4, w...

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) from parasitic protozoa have been shown to exert a wide variety of effects on cells of the host innate immune system. However, the receptor(s) that are triggered by these protozoan glycolipids has not been identified. Here we present evidence that Trypanosoma cruzi-derived GPI anchors and GIPLs trigger CD25 expres...