Effortful control (EC) is a form of self-regulation characterized by inhibition of dominant responses in favour of more adaptive subdominant responses. In the present study, temperamental antecedents in infancy were examined in relationship to toddler EC. Parents reported on infant temperament at 6, 8, 10, and 12months, using the regulatory capacity/orienting (RCO) factor of the Infant Behavior...

Drowning is the second leading cause of unintentional injury death in Canadian children one to four years of age, accounting for more than one-fifth of deaths in this age group [1][2]. Hospitalization rates for neardrowning peak in the toddler age group, with a five-fold increased risk compared with older children [2]. Infant and toddler drownings tend to occur in or around the home, with infan...

Study Design Case report. Objective Odontoid process fractures represent an uncommon injury in small children, with their optimal management remaining unclear. We present a case of conservatively managed displaced type 2 odontoid process fracture in a small child. Methods We analyzed clinical and radiographic outcomes of a restrained 2-year-old girl involved in a motor vehicle accident who sust...

The Marketing in Australia of Infant Formula: Manufacturers’ and Importers’ Agreement (MAIF) prevents manufacturers and importers from advertising infant formula. However, toddler milks, which share brand identities with infant formula, are advertised freely; and recent research suggests consumers fail to distinguish between advertising for infant formula and for toddler milk. This study examin...

This project examined the unique predictive validity of parent ratings of toddler-age aggression, oppositionality, inattention, and hyperactivity-impulsivity to academic achievement at school-age in a sample of 566 high-risk children and families. The study also investigated potential indirect effects of the Family Check-Up on school-age academic achievement through changes in child behavior pr...

A male toddler suffered from cardiac arrest on May 26, 1988 after receiving amoxicillin. His stepfather, Daniel Childs, performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and called 911. The child was brought to the hospital, resuscitated, and given epinephrine 0.8 mg endotracheally and IV. He had a blood pH of 6.82, infection, and kidney and liver damage. The child was given sodium bicarbonate, ant...

Human behavior is a set of behaviors that humans have are influenced by customs, value, ethics, attitudes, emotion, power, persuasion, and/or genetics. Oral hygiene form dental hygiene. Toddler often suffer from oral and problems such as tooth decay or cavities. Hence, parental towards the toddler urgently needed. This study aims to determine factors significantly influence maternal on in obtai...

A prospective longitudinal design was employed to ascertain whether different types of behavioral inhibition (i.e., traditional, peer-social) were stable from toddler to preschool age, and whether inhibited temperament and/or parenting style would predict children's subsequent social and behavioral problems. At Time 1, 108 toddlers (54 males, 54 females) and their mothers were observed in the T...

The bone growth process has long-lasting effects on adult bone structure and mechanical adaptation, yet the tissue level dynamics of growth are poorly studied. The specific aims of this study were to (1) quantify changes in bone size and shape through ontogeny, (2) describe the distribution of tissue types and patterns of cortical drift and expansion through ontogeny, and (3) explore relationsh...