Objectives: This review article is aimed to determine the accuracy of extraoral periapical radiography as a determinant working length in endodontic treatment and advantages disadvantages this technique.
 Review: Endodontic dental for damages reaching pulp which aims maintain tooth. One way succeed an accurate length. The can be determined by intraoral examination but some people are sensi...

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly used for digital orthodontics, but one of the challenges to automatically and accurately detect tooth landmarks axes. While many attempts have been made streamline orthodontic treatments by automatic technologies, detection axes still left experienced dental practitioners performed manually. This partly because sophisticated geometric defi...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether panoramic tomograms, which are routinely used in orthodontic practice, can provide adequate information to localize an impacted canine. The effect of changes in position and inclination of an impacted canine on orthopantomograms was investigated in an experimental set-up. An upper canine was removed from a human skull and replaced in a positioni...

AIM To report a rare case of arrested root formation of permanent incisors in a young boy with mixed dentition and its management. BACKGROUND Traumatic injury to a primary tooth may damage the underlying permanent tooth germ and affect its development. The extent of the malformation depends upon the developmental stage of the permanent tooth and the intensity of trauma. Discoloration and hypo...

OBJECTIVES Impacted teeth, if left untreated, have a potential to induce various complications. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular third molar in the Iranian population. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study was performed in patients who were referred to the Department of Oral Radiology between July 2009 and October 2010 to obtain...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to demonstrate the potential of 3-dimensional modeling and finite element analysis as clinical tools in treatment planning for orthodontic tooth movement. High stresses in bone and miniscrew implants under load can cause fractures and trauma for orthodontic patients, and treatments are typically planned by using clinical experience or simple 2-dimens...

Tooth loss is one of the most common oral health problems, and may affect mastication, phonetics, aesthetics, quality life. Dental implant placement an effective procedure to replace tooth loss. techniques using freehand surgery procedures increase potential failure related position, angle, depth insertion with 6.42% prevalence. The accuracy installing dental implants through protocol depends o...

Disturbances involving abnormalities in tooth eruption are named ectopia. Transmigration is the name assigned to ectopia in the presence of teeth in areas distant from the alveolar process. Initial angulation of the tooth bud of the second premolar and premature loss of permanent mandibular 1st molars can influence the distal migration of the second premolar. Some studies have observed that ect...