BACKGROUND To study the role of African buffalos (Syncerus caffer) in the maintenance of foot-and-mouth disease in Uganda, serum samples were collected from 207 African buffalos, 21 impalas (Aepyceros melampus), 1 giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), 1 common eland (Taurotragus oryx), 7 hartebeests (Alcelaphus buselaphus) and 5 waterbucks (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) from four major National Parks in Ug...

Silene is represented by c. 110 species in flora of Iran which growing mainly in the mountainous areas. During several expeditions to different regions of Iran (Tehran, Semnan, Kerman, Kermanshah and Kohgiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad Provinces) some interesting specimens were collected. S. caucasica, is introduced as a new record for the flora of Iran. Five interesting and very restricted Iranian endem...

The world’s largest subterranean fish was discovered in 2019, and tentatively identified as a troglomorphic form of the golden mahseer, Tor putitora . Detailed analyses its morphometric meristic data, results from molecular now reveal that it is new species genus Neolissochilus , sister taxon Tor. We formally describe pnar honouring tribal communities East Jaintia hills Meghalaya, Northeast Ind...

In Kazakhstan, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks were recorded in 2011–2013 the southern and eastern regions where FMD vaccination is place. January 2022, Kiikty village of Shetsky district, Karaganda Region, Republic cases among cattle clinically similar to reported. The aim research was establish cause perform typing pathogen. Materials methods . Samples from sick animals tested using PC...

Vaccine strain selection for emerging foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) outbreaks in enzootic countries can be addressed through antigenic and genetic characterisation of recently circulating viruses. A total of 56 serotype A FMDVs isolated between 1998 and 2012, from Central, East and North African countries were characterised antigenically by virus neutralisation test using antisera to thre...

West Nile virus is globally wide-spread and causes significant disease in humans and animals. The evolution of West Nile virus Kunjin subtype in Australia (WNVKUN) was investigated using archival samples collected over a period of 50 years. Based on the pattern of fixed amino acid substitutions and time-stamped molecular clock analyses, a single long-term lineage (or topotype) was inferred. Thi...