and critical procedures performed during the finishing phase of orthodontic treatment.1 Proper torque positions the root in a physiological perio­ dontal situation because it ensures both appropriate occlusal­force distribution and adequate thickness of the vestibular cortical plate. In a case where gingival recession is combined with significant torque abnormality, can torque correction also i...

A New Adaptive Self-Tuning Fourier Coefficients Algorithm for Periodic Torque Ripple Minimization in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) Torque ripple occurs in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) due to the non-sinusoidal flux density distribution around the air-gap and variable magnetic reluctance of the air-gap due to the stator slots distribution. These torque ripples change ...

− This paper describes the development of torque standard machines in China, its measurement range and its measurement uncertainty information etc. Also, the situation of torque standard machines which are in building process or will be built in the future is described in this document. In 1970’s, the first standard machine for measuring torques was developed in Shanghai and it initiated the hi...

Background. One ofthe key components ofpostural control is the motor system's ability to produce appropriate torques to counteract perturbations that may lead to a loss of balance. Evidence exists to show that there is an age-related decline in absolute strength and in the ability to rapidly produce torque. The relationship between age-related decreases in these voluntary torque production capa...

A dynamic tire friction model based on the LuGre friction model has been developed recently. The model includes the longitudinal and lateral forces, as well as the self aligning torque. It has originally been derived in distibuted form, and then transformed to simpler lumped form with only three internal states. The lumped model has been based on uniform normal pressure distribution. It is exte...

Combined with the characteristics of vehicle operation, a torque distribution control strategy based on logic threshold method for a series-parallel hybrid electric bus is proposed to improve the vehicle's fuel economy. And the simulink model of this strategy is built. Then the simulation is completed under the selected cycle condition. Compared with the real vehicle test data, the control stra...

the efficiency of induction motors decreases at light loads. efficiency optimizer control systemsadjust the motor flux value to achieve the best efficiency in a wide range of load variations. reduced fluxoperation has some other benefits such as power factor improvement and torque ripple reduction. the latter isan important issue in a direct torque controlled induction motor drive. in this pape...

Axial flux machines have positive sides on the power and torque density profile. However, the price of this profile is paid by the torque ripples and irregular magnetic flux density production. To gather higher efficiency, torque ripples should close to the zero and the stator side iron should be unsaturated. Torque ripples mainly occur due to the interaction between the rotor poles and the sta...

The interaction between a moving electric charge and a stationary electric charge distribution is considered. It is shown that the interaction involves not only an electric attraction or repulsion but also a heretofore unreported electric torque exerted by the moving charge on the stationary charge distribution. The torque is associated with the asymmetry of the electric field of the moving cha...