background   and   objectives:    the   toxin   co-regulated   pilus   a   (tcpa)   has   been   described   as   a   criti- cal  pathogenicity  factor  of   vibrio  cholerae .  tcpa  is  a  candidate  for  making  subunit  vaccine  against  chol- era.  the  aim  of  this  study  was  to  produce  a  candidate  vaccine  by  expressing  recombinant  tcpa  in   e.  coli . materials and methods: i...

background and objectives: clostridium perfringens is more prevalent type of clostridia genus isolated from the intestinal tract of ostrich ( struthio camelus ). necrotic enteritis (ne) is a potentially fatal gastrointestinal (gi) disease of poultry and other avian species, which produces marked destruction of intestinal lining in digestive tract caused by c. perfringens . pathogenicity and les...

Comprising a major clade of Anura, toads produce and secrete numerous toxins from both the parotoid glands behind their eyes dorsal skin. These toxins, made various proteins compounds, possess pharmacological potential to be repurposed benefit human health. However, detailed genetic regulation toad toxin production is still poorly understood. A recent publication uncovering genome representativ...

suicide is a major public health concern, with approximately one million people committing suicide world-wide each year .risk factors for suicidal behavior include, psychiatric and medical illness, impulsivity, aggression, alcohol and drug abuse specially stimulants, and  stress. neurobiological, brain mappings and biochemical studies have revealed that suicide victims experiencing a large numb...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate short-term effects aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 100 µg/kg feed) and sterigmatocystin (STC 1000 μg/kg exposure individually in combination (100 μg AFB1 + STC/kg on parameters lipid peroxidation glutathione redox system both biochemical gene expression levels one-year-old common carp. Lipid were slightly affected, as significant differences observed only conjugated ...

T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency are considered important etiologies of Kashin–Beck disease (KBD), although the exact mechanism is still unclear. To identify differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in articular cartilage rats exposed to selenomethionine (SeMet) supplementation, thirty-six 4-week-old Sprague Dawley were divided into a control group (gavaged with 4% anhydrous ethanol), 10...

background: apoptosis is a process that plays an important role during early stage of implantation. the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of apoptosis in mice endometrium after ovarian stimulation at implantation period. methods: nmri female mice were divided into two groups: 1) control group, which were rendered pseudopregnant by vaginal stimulation and 2) experimental group, ...

schizophrenia (scz) is a complex disorder with no clarified etiology or biological diagnosis.  symptoms of schizophrenia including positive, negative and cognitive deficits.the neurodegenrative and neurodevelopmental hypothesis are main views  about the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. neuregulin 1 is one of four proteins in the neuregulin family that act on the egfr family of receptors. nrg1 ...

objective(s): streptococcus pyogenes produces extracellular hyaluronidase enzyme. this enzyme is directly associated with the spread of the organism during infection. the objective of the present study was to clone and express the nucleotide sequence of the enzyme which is involved in hyaluronidase enzymatic activity. materials and methods: the enzymatic region of hyaluronidase gene was detecte...