the majority of existing tractors in iran are not equipped with any tools to measure and display slip and ground speed. this is mainly due to the lack of national standards for measuring tools and instruments of tractors. in current research, an interchangeable system for two wheel drive tractors has been designed. furthermore, it has been assessed after construction. to measure actual and theo...

Farmers experience whole-body vibrations when they drive tractors. Among the various factors that influence the vibrations to which the driver is exposed are terrain roughness, tractor speed, tire type and pressure, rear axle width, and tractor seat height above the ground. In this paper the influence of tractor seat height above the ground on the lateral vibrations to which the tractor driver ...

Rollover protective structures (ROPS) are an effective engineering control known to prevent tractor overturn deaths, the leading cause of occupational fatalities for farmers and farm workers in the U.S. However, the use of ROPS is known to vary greatly from farm to farm. A national sample of 11,458 farm operators from the 2004 Occupational Injury Surveillance of Production Agriculture (OISPA) s...

The concept of zero leak in tractors refers to the achievement a completely sealed hydraulic system, where there is no fluid leakage from any components. This can be accomplished by using high-quality seals, ensuring proper installation and maintenance, incorporating advanced technology. benefits include increased efficiency, reduced environmental impact, reduce customer complaints improved saf...

The speed ratio parameters of transmission are crucial factors that affect a vehicle’s power, economy, and comfort. Due to the complex working conditions, multiple modes, wide range ratios agricultural tractors, designing optimizing in power-shift transmissions is challenging task. This paper proposes optimization method based on life cycle utilization rate general-purpose tractors. optimized s...

This work analyses the market value of second hand agricultural tractors in Spain for the period 1999-2002, with the aims of obtaining the most appropriate valuation models (through the use of ordinary least squares regression) and proposing an empirical model that estimates the true depreciation of these vehicles. Differences in tractor depreciation were studied in terms of the three horsepowe...