Regionalism is an integral part of the broader economic policy reforms that have occurred in the Western Hemisphere over the last decade. This chapter examines the dynamic effects of regional integration arrangements in the Western Hemisphere on the U.S. economy, including U.S. agriculture and agricultural trade, by taking into account changes in saving-investment and capital accumulation. Thro...

This paper analyses the consequences of trade liberalisation on firms’ internal organisation, with formal and informal arrangements. I extend the ’relational contract’ approach of Baker, Gibbons, and Murphy (2002) in an open economy set-up. I find that freer trade in final goods increases the quasi-rents from suppliers’ specific investments, leading to an increase in outsourcing. When trade lib...

Fourth-order (FO) high resolution direction finding methods such as 4-MUSIC have been developed for more than two decades for non-Gaussian sources mainly to overcome the limitations of second order (SO) high resolution methods such as MUSIC. In order to increase the performance of 4-MUSIC in the context of multiple sources, the MUSIC method has recently been extended to an arbitrary even order ...

I. Introduction Trade integration in Africa is often viewed in light of the European Union and other regional integration arrangements like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). From this perspective, integration is regarded as necessarily destined to proceed on a linear path where tariffs and non-tariff barriers are progressively eliminated, the trade regimes of member countries are...

Microscopy by holographic means is attractive because it permits true three-dimensional (3D) visualization and 3D display of the objects. We investigate the necessary condition on the object size and spatial bandwidth for complete 3D microscopic imaging with phase-shifting digital holography with various common arrangements. The cases for which a Fresnel holographic arrangement is sufficient an...

Using a multi-sector multi-country computable general equilibrium model, we examine Chile’s “additive regionalism” strategy of negotiating bilateral free trade agreements with all of its significant trading partners. Chile’s agreements with “Northern” partners provide sufficient market access to overcome trade diversion costs for Chile. By lowering its tariff from eleven to six percent, Chile i...

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Korea in 1992, the bilateral economic and trade relations developed rapidly, two nations have become important trade partner and investment object country each other. Especially entered into 21st century, as the continuous changes of the world economic pattern and rising tide of regional economic cooperation, the Sino-Korea free trade...

The protections for rights and equality might be placed at the forefront of EU/UK Withdrawal Agreement’s Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, but they have been overshadowed by debates over Protocol’s trade provisions. This marginalisation these elements is problematic. Rights equalities long a contested aspect Northern Ireland’s constitutional arrangements, there thus every possibility that l...