The relationship between trade liberalisation and the environment has been the subject of a growing body of literature in recent years. As can be seen from the differing assessment of instrument types for environmental protection, one of the important factors for the relationship between environmental protection and economic competitiveness are regulatory stringency and efficiency. This concern...

Economic Incentives and International Trade by Dalia Marin and Monika Schnitzer This paper studies the importance of incentives as a determinant of international trade flows. We argue that barter, countertrade and foreign direct investment can be seen as efficient institutions that mitigate contractual hazards which arise in technology trade, marketing and imperfect capital markets. Paying an i...

the industrial growth of any developing country largely depends on the availability of abundant energy resources. according to the energy survey carried out by international atomic energy agency, (1) the contribution which nuclear energy will make towards the total energy requirements of the developed countries of the world by the end of the century will be about 50%. in iran by the year 1992 t...

Recent evidence shows that the returns to labor and the skill premium both increase in developing countries after trade liberalization, despite the low skill content of their exports. The author explains this apparent puzzle by arguing that trade increases technology transfers from industrial to developing countries and that the transfer technology is biased in favor of skilled labor. The relat...

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor as it copied material by corresponding author, previously published in the article ‘‘Trade-based technology transfers and its impact on the Iranian economy:  A GTAP model’’, by Bahmani and Nejati, Iran. Econ. Rev. Vol.19, No.1, 2015. p.107-122.

The mission of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, includes support for biomedical research to extend healthy life by reducing the burdens of illness worldwide. To this end, the NIH’s Office of Technology Transfer (OTT) seeks to address gaps related to the availability of NIH inventions and to enhance the accessibility of its research to people a...

a r t i c l e i n f o Tacit knowledge affects the trade-off between entrepreneurship and technology transfer. I present a formal model in which an inventor and the existing firm engage in a strategic innovation game by choosing whether to compete or to cooperate through technology transfer. The model highlights how the problem of tacit knowledge affects the inventor's R&D investment and the exi...

technology transmission has engaged not only developing countries but also many western research communities. foreign direct investment is a commonly used method to transfer the technology. since specific studies on factors affecting the transmission of technology through foreign direct investment has not been made in nanotechnology, the purpose of this study is to identify the issues affecting...

We present evidence that importing is a driver of international technology transfer. Using a detailed panel of Indonesian manufacturers, our analysis shows that firms in industries supplying importintensive sectors have higher productivity than other firms. This finding suggests that linkages through vertical supply relationships are the channel through which import-driven technology transfer o...