performance measure approach (pma) is a method for evaluating the probabilistic constraints in reliability-based design optimization of structures. the advanced mean-value (amv) method is suitable for pma, simply and efficiently. the iterative amv scheme could be yielded to unstable solutions such as periodic-oscillation and chaos for highly nonlinear performance functions. in the present paper...

Background: Oat (Avena sativa) with high nutritive value and fiber content is used as the main food grain in many countries for human diet as well as animal feed. Recently, it became difficult to transfer new genes through the conventional breeding due to the lack of desirable traits. Objectives: The current study aimed at achieving a st...

in this paper, he's highly prolic variational iteration method is applied ef-fectively for showing the existence, uniqueness and solving a class of singularsecond order two point boundary value problems. the process of nding solu-tion involves generation of a sequence of appropriate and approximate iterativesolution function equally likely to converge to the exact solution of the givenpr...

the euler-lagrange equation plays an important role in the minimization problems of the calculus of variations. this paper employs the differential transformation method (dtm) for finding the solution of the euler-lagrange equation which arise from problems of calculus of variations. dtm provides an analytical solution in the form of an infinite power series with easily computable components. s...

in this paper a new form of the homptopy perturbation method is used for solving oscillator differential equation, which yields the maclaurin series of the exact solution. nonlinear vibration problems and differential equation oscillations have crucial importance in all areas of science and engineering. these equations equip a significant mathematical model for dynamical systems. the accuracy o...