conclusions tissue engineering may open a new window in cleft palate reconstruction. stem cells and growth factors play key roles in this field. results we reported a summary of the key-points concerning cleft palate development, the genes involving this defect, current therapeutic strategies, recently novel aspects, and future advances in treatments for easy and fast understanding of the conce...

In order to determine if mononuclear cells may be secreting factors capable of modulating fibroblast growth, the in vitro proliferative response of fibroblasts to cytokines known to be secreted by mononuclear cells was measured, using both growth arrested and proliferating cells. Of the cytokines tested, which included interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleuki...

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFA gene. As a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, TGF-α is a mitogenic polypeptide. The protein becomes activated when binding to receptors capable of protein kinase activity for cellular signaling. TGF-α is a transforming growth factor that is a ligand for the epidermal growth factor recept...

PURPOSE To characterize the constitutively activated epidermal growth factor receptor in a lens epithelial cell population experiencing initial stages of lens fiber formation, the chick lens annular pad. METHODS Phosphotyrosine levels of the receptor were examined with western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation after ligand stimulation. Endogenous receptor ligands were immunologically iden...

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is synthesized by a variety of tumor cell lines and stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The mechanism by which TGF-alpha increases osteoclast activity is unknown. We used a human marrow culture system that forms osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNCs) to determine the effects of recombinant human TGF-alpha on MNC formation. Addition...

conclusions the results of the present study showed that tgf-β1 (-509) c/t is strongly associated with quantitative parameters of connective tissue constituents of interdental papilla in cp patients. results the volume density (vʋ) of epithelium, connective tissue, collagenous and non-collagenous matrix and blood vessels had statistically significant differences between the control and chronic ...