this paper investigates the islands formation in initial stages of restoration process in blackout condition and studies the impacts of islands number variation on the process execution. in addition, a method is proposed to determining each island optimal boundaries. then the effects of transmission lines thyistor controlled series compensators (tcsc) to facilitate restoration process and impro...

in this article, the linear array (with 20 elements in the horizontal orientation) of microstrip antenna is examined with horizontal polarization. the set includes three microstrip substrates. there is a power network in two lower substrates and microstrip patches in the upper substrate. excitation of patches has been done as coupled through the power network in two lower substrates. using the ...

land- phone, like mobile, internet and fax is a communication device and has network externality effect. thus as the penetration coefficient increases, the network effect improves. the transmission of information via the word of mouth is the main source of enhancing the network externalities coefficient. in this article we have investigated the factors affecting the network externality coeffici...

The effects of cooperating base stations in the downlink of an OFDM-based cellular network with frequency reuse factor one are studied. In this so-called network MIMO scenario the signals of several users are jointly processed before transmission in order to handle the unavoidable multi-user interference. We apply and study pre-processing techniques well-known from conventional MIMO scenarios i...

Nowadays, congestion management is one of the major tasks accomplished by system operators to warrant the operation of transmission system within operating limits. This has resulted in unanticipated congestion interfaces in regional transmission systems. The system is, however, unable to evolve at a rate which is required to meet the quickly changing demand of competitive markets. To make the m...