Transmission control protocol (TCP) employs acknowledgement (TCP-ACK) for every transmitted packets to ensure reliable transmission. As a result, it sends the next window after receiving TCP-ACK packet of previous window. This means that earlier arrives, faster TCP transmission and better performances. To do so, there should be special treatment fasten paper proposes collision probability reduc...

Abstract: Because wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used in recent years, how to reduce their energy consumption and interference has become a major issue. Topology control is a common and effective approach to improve network performance, such as reducing the energy consumption and network interference, improving the network connectivity, etc. Many topology control algorithms re...

We consider the coverage and connectivity problem of a sensor network with n unreliable nodes, uniformity arranged over a square region of unit area. We propose a novel triangle-arranged circle division method to obtain the the formula of the relationship of probability of coverage and connectivity, sensing radius, transmission radius, failure probability and the numbers of the nodes using prob...

Clustered-based wireless sensor networks have been extensively used in the literature in order to achieve considerable energy consumption reductions. However, two aspects of such systems have been largely overlooked. Namely, the transmission probability used during the cluster formation phase and the way in which cluster heads are selected. Both of these issues have an important impact on the p...

The features of transmissions in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) include lower transmission rate, longer delay time, and higher power consumption when compared with terrestrial radio transmissions. The negative effects of transmission collisions deteriorate in such environments. Existing UWSN routing protocols do not consider the transmission collision probability differences resulting from ...

CONTEXT Concern is increasing in both the medical community and among the general public about the possible transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from infected health care workers to their patients. Until now, no reliable estimates for the risk of such transmission exist. OBJECTIVE To estimate the probability of HCV transmission from a surgeon to a susceptible patient during invasive proced...

Anal intercourse remains the most common means of HIV transmission in most of the developed world. Homosexual men represent the largest group of new HIV infections in Australia, Western Europe and North America. The rate of HIV diagnosis in homosexual men is on the increase in these regions, and this most likely reflects a true increase in HIV incidence. Recently, it has become clear that homos...

Mover, a member of the exquisitely small group of vertebrate-specific presynaptic proteins, has been discovered as an interaction partner of the scaffolding protein Bassoon, yet its function has not been elucidated. We used adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated shRNA expression to knock down Mover in the calyx of Held in vivo. Although spontaneous synaptic transmission remained unaffected, we f...