Soil flooding in wetlands is accompanied by changes in soil physical and chemical characteristics. These changes include the lowering of soil redox potential (Eh) leading to increasing demand for oxygen within the soil profile as well as production of soil phytotoxins that are by-products of soil reduction and thus, imposing potentially severe stress on plant roots. Various methods are utilized...

This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of mitochondria in the context of hypoxic cell biology, while providing evidence of how these mechanisms are modulated by methane (CH4). Recent studies have unambiguously confirmed CH4 bioactivity in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models and established the possibility that CH4 can affect many aspects of mitochondrial physiolog...

The connection between the nanoscale structure of two chemically equivalent, yet morphologically distinct Nafion fuel-cell membranes and their macroscopic chemical properties is demonstrated. Quantification of the chemical interactions between water and Nafion reveals that extruded membranes have smaller water channels with a reduced sulfonic acid head group density compared to dispersion-cast ...

Most cells in the human body elaborate cilia which serve a wide variety of functions, including cell and tissue differentiation during development, sensing physical and chemical properties of the extracellular milieu and mechanical force generation. Common among cilia is the transduction of external stimuli into signals that regulate the activities of the cilia and the cells that possess them. ...

In present research work, anion exchange membranes based on quaternized polysulfone with ammonium cation moieties (QAPSF) were prepared by chloromethylation, amination and alkalization. The chloromethylated polysulfone were characterized by 1HNMR spectroscopy and functionalization degree was determined according to peak area integration. Ion transport properties (ionic conductivity, ion exchang...

Biological hydrogels are continuously turned over through secretion and degradation. This nonequilibrium flux may be important for cellular and molecular transport through mucus and the extracellular matrix. Gel-digesting enzymes can drastically change the physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel environment. We report that a spatial gradient in the degradation of two gel/enzyme systems...

It has long been evident that the metabolism of trace elements cannot be considered in isolation. A wide range of nutritional and physiological factors can influence their uptake, transport and storage, with subsequent enhancement of susceptibility to deficiency or toxicity states. Interactions occur with other trace elements and these can be classified as competitive or non-competitive, direct...

Lateral surface etching of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets results in holey 2D nanosheets that have abundant edge atoms. Recent reports on holey graphene showed that holey 2D nanosheets can outperform their intact counterparts in many potential applications such as energy storage, catalysis, sensing, transistors, and molecular transport/separation. From both fundamental and application perspect...