one of the most important information in urban forestry is acquaintance of urban landscape’s area or proportion. nowadays, in several countries variable methods are used to achieve this aim. since there is not any complete method to study urban forest’s status in iran, it is impossible to exert authentic management for these resources. hence, in this research, sampling methods and ikonos satell...

Previous research on #3 nursery container-grown shrubs suggests that some common shrub species could be established in the Florida landscape under natural rainfall when irrigated with 3 L of water every 4 days in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 8b and 9a or every 2 days in zone 10b until first roots reached the canopy edge ( 20 weeks after planting). The current study evaluated t...

According to the Janzen-Connell hypothesis for the maintenance of species diversity, recruitment is inhibited in the immediate vicinity of adults by herbivores and pathogens. This reduces the per capita ability of abundant species to reproduce, relative to less common species, and gives rare or competitively inferior species a greater chance to persist. We tested this hypothesis in a 50-ha mapp...

We used snow fences and small (1m) open-topped fiberglass chambers (OTCs) to study the effects of changes in winter snow cover and summer air temperatures on arctic tundra. In 1994, two 60m long, 2.8m high snow fences, one in moist and the other in dry tundra, were erected at Toolik Lake, Alaska. OTCs paired with unwarmed plots, were placed along each experimental snow gradient and in control a...

abstract. the purpose of this study was to investigate vegetation dynamics and range conditions considering the climatic conditions and soil properties in haftooman, khoor and biabanak deserts, iran. for this purpose, after determining vegetation types and the associated species, the type of rangeland utilization, grazing season, the livestock type, the other relevant information, vegetation da...

Assessing diversity is among the major tasks in ecology and conservation science. In ecological and conservation studies, epiphytic cryptogams are usually sampled up to accessible heights in forests. Thus, their diversity, especially of canopy specialists, likely is underestimated. If the proportion of those species differs among forest types, plot-based diversity assessments are biased and may...

— Restoration of floodplain forests has become a primary aim of sustainable forestry in Europe. Although several studies have investigated the conversion of coniferous stands outside of their biogeographical area and on unsuitable sites, none focused specifically on alluvial areas. We surveyed 208 riverine stands, distributed homogeneously throughout the Grand-duché de Luxembourg (western-centr...

the purpose of this study was to investigate vegetation dynamics and range conditions considering the climatic conditions and soil properties in doolat gharin in the south of isfahan province of an area equal to 25 square kilometer. for this purpose, after determining vegetation types and associated species, the type of rangeland utilization, grazing season, the type of livestock and other rele...