Years ago, during isolation of pancreatic proteins Jorgensen et al. (1) noted a side fraction and thus discovered the pancreatic spasmolytic peptide. Further studies revealed that this peptide, along with two additional ones, formed a small family of cytoprotective peptides, later termed TFF (trefoil factor) family (2) to standarize the previous, somewhat confusing terminology. TFF1, TFF2 and T...

Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), a member of the trefoil factor family, is a "Super-protective factor" for intestinal mucosal protection. This study was designed to explore the mechanism by which ITF promotes intestinal epithelial cell migration. Intestinal epithelial cells were treated with the human ITF (hITF). Phospho-ERK, phospho-STAT3 Tyr(705), and phospho-STAT3 Ser(727) levels were detect...

This study investigated the performance of steers grazing rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) (RBFT) compared to nonrhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) in pure stands or when interseeded with endophyte-free tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; TF). Five forage treatments of RBFT, BFT, TF, RBFT+TF, and BFT+TF (four replicate paddocks per treatment) were continuously stocke...

Birdsfoot trefoil is a high-quality forage recommended for irrigated perennial pastures, either in mixtures with grasses or in pure stands. In this bulletin we report on the forage nutritive value of pure stands of birdsfoot trefoil harvested at 6week intervals, and compare it to alfalfa harvested at the same intervals. We found that the digestibility of the two forages was similar, but that al...

A 2-knot will be a 2-sphere embedded into R locally flatly. Although we cannot see a 2-knot directly with our eyes, there are several ways to visualize it. A motion picture is one of the ways. Roughly speaking, a motion picture is a CT scan (Computed Tomographic scan) of a 2-knot. It is a one-parameter family of slices of a 2-knot, that are 0or 1-dimensional objects in R. The n-twist-spun trefo...