BACKGROUND Differences in the cortisol response have been reported between children exhibiting the inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, there is no such information about adults. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible differences between the combined and inattentive subtypes in the cortisol response to stress. ...

A number of different laboratory procedures investigate the hormonal response in a standardized pharmacological challenge test (dexamethasone-corticotropin releasing hormone; DEX-CRH) or psychosocial stress induction on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis by Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). However, magnitude related to stressors and interaction responsiveness between two tests is still ...

BACKGROUND Youth exposed to extreme adverse life conditions have blunted cortisol responses to stress. PURPOSE This study aims to examine whether growing up in highly stigmatizing environments similarly shapes stigmatized individuals' physiological responses to identity-related stress. METHODS We recruited 74 lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults (mean age = 23.68) from 24 states with var...

Increased levels of circulating glucocorticoids (GCs) due to stress have been shown to result in enhanced consolidation and impaired retrieval of memory in humans. Several studies have shown that participants may be categorized as high and low responders with regard to GC levels elicited by stress. In the current study, we studied the differential effects of acute psychosocial stress on declara...

Both animals and humans show a tendency toward eating more "comfort food" (high fat, sweet food) after acute stress. Such stress eating may be contributing to the obesity epidemic, and it is important to understand the underlying psychobiological mechanisms. Prior investigations have studied what makes individuals eat more after stress; this study investigates what might make individuals eat le...

OBJECTIVE To test whether a brief mindfulness meditation training intervention buffers self-reported psychological and neuroendocrine responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in young adult volunteers. A second objective evaluates whether pre-existing levels of dispositional mindfulness moderate the effects of brief mindfulness meditation training on stress reactivity. METHODS Sixty-s...

Social memory plays a pivotal role in social behaviors, from mating behaviors to cooperative behaviors based on reciprocal altruism. More specifically, social/person recognition memory is supposed, by behavioral-economic and game-theoretic analysis, to be required for Tit-For-Tat like cooperative behaviors to evolve under the N-person Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma Game condition. Meanwhile, human...