Humanin (HN) is an endogenous mitochondria-associated peptide that has been shown to protect against various Alzheimer's disease-associated insults, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and reactive oxygen species-induced cell death. We have shown previously that HN improves whole body glucose homeostasis by improving insulin sensitivity and increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (G...

Postprandial hyperglycemia is well established as a major risk factor for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. However, postprandial hyperlipidemia, no definitive criteria exist, fasting values of lipids lipoproteins had limited efficacy estimating lipidemia. In the present study, we performed fat-ingestion test aimed to propose indices lipoprotein metabolism. Methods: Healthy young Japanese women ...

Background: Both postprandial hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia have been identified as risk markers for cardiovascular disease. However, the determinants of the magnitude of postprandial triglyceride and glucose responses are largely unknown. The objective was to assess potential determinants of postprandial glucose and triglyceride responses following two consecutive meals in women wit...

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) hydrolyzes triglyceride (TG) in adipose tissue. HSL is also expressed in heart. To explore the actions of cardiac HSL, heart-specific, tetracycline (Tc)-controlled HSL-overexpressing mice were generated. Tc-responsive element-HSL transgenic (Tg) mice were generated and crossed with myosin heavy chain (MHC)alpha-tTA Tg mice, which express the Tc-responsive transact...

Remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of both intestinal and liver origin are considered atherogenic, but they have been difficult to isolate and measure. An assay has been developed that allows the measurement of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) and triglyceride (RLP-TG). RLP-C and RLP-TG concentrations were measured in >3000 fasting plasma samples obtained from participants in e...

BACKGROUND The measurement of triglyceride (TG)-rich particles after an oral fat challenge has been used to provide a measure of risk for coronary artery disease independent of the fasting plasma triglyceride concentration. The analytical "gold standard" for measuring TG-rich lipoproteins uses density gradient ultracentrifugation; however, this technique is labor-intensive. Because of our need ...

Long chain omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are effective for reducing plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. At the pharmaceutical dose, 3.4g/day, they reduce plasma TG by about 25-50% after one month of treatment, resulting primarily from the decline in hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) production, and secondarily from the increase in VLDL clearance. Numerous mechanisms have been shown to con...

Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 catalyzes the final step of triglyceride (TG) synthesis. We show that acute administration of a DGAT1 inhibitor (DGAT1i) by oral gavage or genetic deletion of intestinal Dgat1 (intestine-Dgat1(-/-)) markedly reduced postprandial plasma TG and retinyl ester excursions by inhibiting chylomicron secretion in mice. Loss of DGAT1 activity did not affe...

Strawford, A., F. Antelo, M. Christiansen, and M. K. Hellerstein. Adipose tissue triglyceride turnover, de novo lipogenesis, and cell proliferation in humans measured with H2O. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286: E577–E588, 2004. First published November 4, 2003; 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2003.—The turnover of adipose tissue components (lipids and cells) and the pathways of adipose lipid deposition ...

Strawford, A., F. Antelo, M. Christiansen, and M. K. Hellerstein. Adipose tissue triglyceride turnover, de novo lipogenesis, and cell proliferation in humans measured with H2O. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286: E577–E588, 2004. First published November 4, 2003; 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2003.—The turnover of adipose tissue components (lipids and cells) and the pathways of adipose lipid deposition ...