BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that cartilage adaptation and degeneration are mechanically mediated. Investigating the swelling behaviour of cartilage is important because the stress and strain state of cartilage is associated with the swelling and deformation behaviour. It is well accepted that the swelling of soft tissues is associated with mechanical, chemical, and electrical events. ...

Descriptions of the mechanical behaviors of articular cartilage and their correlations with collagen, proteoglycan, water, and ions are summarized, with particular emphasis on understanding the osmotic effect inside the tissue. First, a descriptive explanation is presented of the biphasic theory required to understand how interstitial water contributes toward the viscoelastic behavior of any hy...

Water balance disorders after neurosurgery are well recognized, but detailed reports of the triphasic response are scarce. We describe a 55-year-old woman, who developed the triphasic response with severe hyper- and hyponatraemia after resection of a suprasellar meningioma. The case illustrates how sudden and dramatic the changes in water balance after neurosurgery can be. The biochemical profi...

The main objective of this study was to predict mono and multiphasic growth model parameters of broilers. For this purpose daily body weights-age data of 106 male and female chickens reared under different stocking densities (GR1=11 birds/m2 , GR2=17 birds/m2 and GR3=25 birds/m2) were used. Results of mono and multiphasic (diphasic and triphasic) growth curve analyses showed that defining the g...

A novel cyclohexane/water/ionic-liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF6]) triphasic extraction system was studied for a possible fractional extraction of divalent metal cations with co-using 8-quinolinol (HQ) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as competitive extractants. In this system, Ni2+ was extracted into the [bmim][PF6] phase as a Q(-)-complex, whereas each ...

A healthy 19-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to an elongated left heart border on chest radiograph. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a posteriorly deviated left ventricular apex, increased right ventricular dimension, and hypokinesis of the interventricular septum. Pulsed Doppler echocardiogram revealed a triphasic mitral inflow pattern. Myocardial longitudinal strain rate im...