Temporariness has become an increasingly salient feature in international migration that presents itself as fragmented, non-linear, including different intermediate stops and multiple returns new departures. This special issue proposes a analytical framework brings together the role of policies defining migrants temporary migrant’s own agency perceiving their project or permanent. The proposed ...

The perception and production of the mid-front Finnish vowels /i/, /e/, /y/, and /ø/ were investigated in fourteen Finnish-speaking subjects. In the perception experiment, synthesized long vowels were used as stimuli in order to identify category prototypes. For production, the subjects were asked to pronounce words including these vowels as short and long variants. This study introduces a new ...

Let X and A be sets and α : X → A a map between them. We call a map μ : X ×X ×X → A an approximate Mal’tsev operation with approximation α, if it satisfies μ(x, y, y) = α(x) = μ(y, y, x) for all x, y ∈ X. Note that if A = X and the approximation α is an identity map, then μ becomes an ordinary Mal’tsev operation. We prove the following two characterization theorems: a category X is a Mal’tsev c...