BACKGROUND For cancer patients, prognosis is strongly influenced by the completeness of tumor removal at the time of cancer-directed surgery or disease remission after nonsurgical treatment with curative intent. These parameters define the relative success of definitive treatment and can be codified by an additional subclassification within the TNM system, the residual tumor (R) classification....

N Engl J Med 2006;354:2463-72. Copyright © 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society. D na microarray analysis was first described in the mid-1990s as a means to probe the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously1,2 and was quickly adopted by the research community for the study of a wide range of biologic processes. Most of the early studies had a simple and powerful design: to compare two bio...

In the recent original research published on International Journal of Fertility and Sterility the association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) genetic polymorphisms and endometriosis in 150 Iranian patients suffered this disease. The authors notably found a lower frequency of TNF-α -863C/A allele A among the affected patients in comparison with healthy women, although this difference...

Brain tumor is a malformed growth of cells within brain which may be cancerous or non-cancerous. The term ‘malformed’ indicates the existence of tumor. The tumor may be benign or malignant and it needs medical support for further classification. Brain tumor must be detected, diagnosed and evaluated in earliest stage. The medical problems become grave if tumor is detected at the later stage. Out...

Accurate tumor classification is crucial to the proper treatment of cancer. To now, sparse representation (SR) has shown its great performance for tumor classification. This paper conceives a new SR-based method for tumor classification by using gene expression data. In the proposed method, we firstly use latent low-rank representation for extracting salient features and removing noise from the...

There is increasing interest in changing the emphasis of tumor classification from morphologic to molecular. Gene expression profiles may offer more information than morphology and provide an alternative to morphology-based tumor classification systems. Gene selection involves a search for gene subsets that are able to discriminate tumor tissue from normal tissue, and may have either clear biol...

Intracranial tumors are a type of cancer that grows spontaneously inside the skull. Brain tumor is cause for one in four deaths. Hence early detection important. For this aim, variety segmentation techniques available. The fundamental disadvantage present approaches their low accuracy. With help magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), preventive medical step and evaluation brain done. Magnetic (MRI) ...