Experimental studies using murine tumor models have demonstrated that potent systemic immunity can be generated using tumor vaccines engineered by gene transfer to secrete certain cytokines. The underlying physiological principle behind these strategies involves the sustained release of high doses of cytokine at the site of the tumor. In some cases, this paracrine approach appears to enhance tu...

Tumor immunotherapy has made major strides in recent years, greatly enhancing the survival rate of cancer patients. vaccines, cellular immunotherapy, immunomodulatory medicines targeting T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and other forms treatments have all developed one after other. As new high-tech technologies emerge, tumor techniques are also continuously improved.

Cancer vaccines are an emerging therapeutic and prophylactic modality that may play a more important role in cancer prevention and treatment in the future. Therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed to generate a targeted, immune-mediated antitumor response. Successful prophylactic vaccines are those against oncogenic viral infections, such as the human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. However...

PURPOSE To evaluate antitumor effects on intracerebral gliomas of genetically engineered tumor vaccines expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-timulating factor (GM-CSF), B7.1, or both (combination). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A rat glioma cell line, RT-2, was engineered with a retroviral vector to express GM-CSF, B7.1, or combination. Tumorigenicity of engineered cells and therapeutic effects of ...

Idiotype protein (Id) secreted by myeloma cells is the best-characterized tumor-specific antigen and is widely used in clinical trials of immunotherapy in B-cell tumors. In this study, we used a myeloma murine model to compare the efficacy of two commonly used vaccines in human trials, Id-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) protein versus Id-KLH-pulsed DC vaccines in preventing or treating myeloma ...

This study aimed to construct DNA vaccines encoding the mouse P1A tumor antigen and to generate a protective immune response against the P815 mastocytoma, as a model for vaccines against human MAGE-type tumor antigens. DNA vaccines were constructed and delivered to mice by intramuscular electroporation before tumor challenge. Immunization with a plasmid coding for the full-length P1A significan...

Whole tumor cell vaccines have been widely studied and elicits limited immune responses because of the poor immunogenicity. In the present study, we discovered that high-frequency administration of irradiated whole tumor cell vaccine triggered rejection of tumor cells (90% or 100% of the mice that were vaccinated with irradiated H22 cells or S180 respectively were protected), and provided cross...

The development of effective therapeutic vaccines to generate tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) continues to be a top research priority. However, in spite of some promising results, there are no clear examples of vaccines that eradicate established tumors. Most vaccines are ineffective because they generate low numbers of CTLs and because numerous immunosuppressive factors abound in...

The recognition that the development of cancer is associated with acquired immunodeficiency, mostly against cancer cells themselves, and understanding pathways inducing this immunosuppression, has led to a tremendous development of new immunological approaches, both vaccines and drugs, which overcome this inhibition. Both "passive" (e.g. strategies relying on the administration of specific T ce...

Multimodal approaches are nowadays successfully applied in cancer therapy. Primary locally acting therapies such as radiotherapy (RT) and surgery are combined with systemic administration of chemotherapeutics. Nevertheless, the therapy of cancer is still a big challenge in medicine. The treatments often fail to induce long-lasting anti-tumor responses. Tumor recurrences and metastases result. I...