Computing the centroid of a type-2 fuzzy set (T2 FS) is an important operation for such sets. For an interval T2 FS, the centroid can be computed by using two iterative procedures that were developed by Karnik and Mendel [2]. In this paper, we prove that if the footprint of uncertainty for an interval T2 FS is symmetrical about the primary variable y at y = m , then the centroid is also symmetr...

Computing the centroid of a type-2 fuzzy set (T2 FS) is an important operation for such sets. For an interval T2 FS, the centroid can be computed by using two iterative procedures that were developed by Karnik and Mendel [2]. In this paper, we prove that if the footprint of uncertainty for an interval T2 FS is symmetrical about the primary variable y at y=m, then the centroid is also symmetrica...

To understand the dynamics of spatially structured populations, we need to know the level of movements at different spatial scales. This paper reports on Aphodius dung beetle movements at two scales: movements between dung pats within pastures, and movements between pastures. First, I test an assumption common to many recent models of spatially structured populations – that the probability of a...

Maria Chait*, Steven Greenberg**, Takayuki Arai***, Jonathan Z. Simon**** and David Poeppel* *Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, Cognitive Neuroscience of Language Lab, Department of Linguistics, University of Maryland College Park ** Centre for Applied Hearing Research, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark ***Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Sophia...

The concept ‘being-in’ indicates how beings cannot be rigorously understood without taking their environments into account—the terrain ‘in’, and from which, they exist. Being-in is in this way a thinking of the primacy relation. This essay develops idea with themes ‘skin’ ‘scales’. Most immediately, skin border which property individual that distinguishes one pr...